雅思阅读真题（Part 1）
威廉·丹皮尔环球航行记
本篇也叫：丹皮尔、新环球航行、环球航行记、海盗航海家丹皮尔、A New Voyage Round the World、丹皮尔游记
Part 1 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2023.11.4
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 1）《A new voyage round the world》，共 14 题，2023.11.4雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章讲述英国航海家威廉·丹皮尔1679至1691年环球航行及其著作《新环球航行》的文学地位。该书融合旅行见闻、加勒比海盗史与科学论述，出版一年内三次重印，启发了斯威夫特《格列佛游记》和笛福《鲁滨逊漂流记》。文章还介绍丹皮尔性格争议、与澳大利亚发现失之交臂，以及早年经历。
A very old travel book that holds an unusual place in English literature
A
Part travelogue, part historical record of the Caribbean pirates, part scientific treatise, A New Voyage Round the World was William Dampier's account of his twelve-year series of journeys around the globe from 1679 to 1691. The wealth and novelty of Dampier's descriptions, combined with the highly comical accounts of his comrades’ escapades, proved so popular with a public hungry for tales of discovery and adventure that A New Voyage went into its third reprint within a year of publication. So ground-breaking was Dampier’s account that the writers Swift and Defoe were inspired to create two of the most famous books in the English language, Gulliver’s Travels and Robinson Crusoe.
B
Dampier’s commentators have portrayed him as an unusual, not to say peculiar, man. Notwithstanding his undoubted qualities as an observer, he has been variously characterised as aloof, arrogant, hot-tempered and a weak leader of men. When he arrived on the western coast of Australia, he promptly elected to leave and head north out of dislike for the cold of more southerly latitudes. This physical sensitivity has often been seized on by his detractors, who point out that, as a result, Dampier missed out on becoming the name forever associated with the European discovery of Australia, that honour instead going to Captain James Cook some 80 years later. Yet it should be remembered that he was able to endure a never-ending plague of discomforts and ailments in the tropics. And once, wrecked off Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, he managed with his crew to survive for five weeks without help, living entirely on turtles and goats.
C
What of his early life, then? Dampier was born in 1651 in Somerset, England, the son of a tenant farmer, George, and his wife Ann. His birthplace, Hymerford House, stands to this day. His parents died before he reached seniority and his guardians apprenticed the young William to a ship's captain, the boy having shown ‘very early inclinations to see the world’. There was nothing in his childhood to set Dampier apart from the numerous other young boys who were sent to sea at this time.
D
Having made brief passages to France and Newfoundland, he completed a more extended voyage to Java, where he began to learn the art of navigation. Returning briefly to Somerset, a neighbour offered Dampier a position overseeing his plantation in Jamaica, which he took up for a time, but he soon returned to sea on a trading voyage among the Caribbean islands. From the viewpoint of posterity, the most significant aspect of this time was that, as plantation manager, Dampier first started to keep a journal.
E
Although Dampier wrote several books, A New Voyage Round the World is the most important and it is worth considering just why this text met with such success. Certainly, the book would not have done so well purely on merits of Dampier’s findings regarding meteorology and natural history, even though they broke new ground at the time. What appealed more to book buyers of this era was his narrative of life among the pirates of the Caribbean islands, whom he joined for several years after leaving Jamaica. These tales of adventure among rogues and villains who had no regard for the law sparked widespread interest among his countrymen back home. More important even than this, however, is the superb nature of Dampier's prose, and his ability to communicate so vividly that raised the book above the common lot.
F
Dampier himself admits in the book's preface that he received help with the writing of the book, and other evidence exists to suggest that he was assisted by an unknown source. But whatever outside assistance he may have had, the book still has certain problems. In particular, his observations about nature are sometimes roughly dropped into the narrative at very odd junctures and these asides can sometimes interrupt the flow of the story. Dampier kept his observations about nature entirely separate from the main body of his travels, and we should therefore hold James Knapton responsible, as he was in charge of checking and revising Dampier's text, and his publishing company brought the finished book to a wider audience.
G
Dampier's life has been chronicled in full by numerous biographers, and I refer the reader in particular to Clennell Wilkinson’s excellent (and sadly out-of-print) 1929 biography, as well as the recent portrait by Anton Gill. In short, despite wide acclaim for his writing, Dampier was not blessed in the art of wealth accumulation. Travelling with the pirates, while providing subsistence and adventure, never netted him the treasure chest that a more astute financial operative might have acquired. He died in 1715, aged sixty-three, in Coleman Street, London.
H
We have then a man of myriad and colourful parts, and perhaps not always the easiest of sailors to get along with because of his arrogance and hot temper. But to dwell on these aspects today is to miss the point: it is A New Voyage Round the World that should provide the most illuminating and entertaining of Dampier's legacies. Above all, the text is studded with some wonderfully colourful expressions, and readers will enjoy some of the finest descriptions of storms in the English language, and the liberal wit throughout.
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答案：Dampier’s book does not fall into a single category.
原文定位：Part travelogue, part historical record of the Caribbean pirates, part scientific treatise, A New Voyage Round the World was William Dampier's account of his twelve-year series of journeys around the globe from 1679 to 1691
同义替换：「does not fall into a single category」↔「Part travelogue, part historical record of the Caribbean pirates, part scientific treatise」
答案：give an example of Dampier’s influence.
原文定位：So ground-breaking was Dampier’s account that the writers Swift and Defoe were inspired to create two of the most famous books in the English language, Gulliver’s Travels and Robinson Crusoe
答案：he found the temperature there unpleasant.
原文定位：When he arrived on the western coast of Australia, he promptly elected to leave and head north out of dislike for the cold of more southerly latitudes
同义替换：「left the western coast of Australia」↔「arrived on the western coast of Australia」，「found the temperature there unpleasant」↔「dislike for the cold」
答案：He could cope with physical hardship.
原文定位：Yet it should be remembered that he was able to endure a never-ending plague of discomforts and ailments in the tropics. And once, wrecked off Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, he managed with his crew to survive for five weeks without help, living entirely on turtles and goats
答案：He wanted to travel from a young age.
原文定位：His parents died before he reached seniority and his guardians apprenticed the young William to a ship's captain, the boy having shown ‘very early inclinations to see the world
同义替换：「wanted to travel from a young age」↔「very early inclinations to see the world」
答案：scientific observations
原文定位：Certainly, the book would not have done so well purely on merits of Dampier’s findings regarding meteorology and natural history, even though they broke new ground at the time
同义替换：「success of the book cannot solely be attributed to the originality」↔「would not have done so well purely on merits」，「scientific observations」↔「findings regarding meteorology and natural history」
答案：writer
原文定位：Dampier himself admits in the book's preface that he received help with the writing of the book, and other evidence exists to suggest that he was assisted by an unknown source
同义替换：「worked on the book with」↔「received help with the writing」，「mystery」↔「unknown source」
答案：nature
原文定位：In particular, his observations about nature are sometimes roughly dropped into the narrative at very odd junctures and these asides can sometimes interrupt the flow of the story
同义替换：「descriptions」↔「observations」，「inserted into account of Dampier’s adventures」↔「roughly dropped into the narrative」，「distracted reader」↔「interrupt the flow of the story」
答案：editor
原文定位：Dampier kept his observations about nature entirely separate from the main body of his travels, and we should therefore hold James Knapton responsible, as he was in charge of checking and revising Dampier's text, and his publishing company brought the finished book to a wider audience
同义替换：「responsibility of the final version」↔「hold James Knapton responsible」，「editor」↔「checking and revising the text」
答案：NO
原文定位：Dampier's life has been chronicled in full by numerous biographers, and I refer the reader in particular to Clennell Wilkinson’s excellent (and sadly out-of-print) 1929 biography, as well as the recent portrait by Anton Gill
同义替换：「Many people wrote biographies of Dampier」↔「numerous biographers」
答案：NO
原文定位：In short, despite wide acclaim for his writing, Dampier was not blessed in the art of wealth accumulation. Travelling with the pirates, while providing subsistence and adventure, never netted him the treasure chest that a more astute financial operative might have acquired
答案：NO
原文定位：he has been variously characterised as aloof, arrogant, hot-tempered and a weak leader of men;perhaps not always the easiest of sailors to get along with because of his arrogance and hot temper
答案：NOT GIVEN
答案：YES
原文定位：Above all, the text is studded with some wonderfully colourful expressions, and readers will enjoy some of the finest descriptions of storms in the English language, and the liberal wit throughout
同义替换：「accounts of bad weather」↔「descriptions of storms」，「impressive」↔「the finest descriptions」