The preservation of organisms and fossils

文章大意

这篇雅思听力Part4介绍绿山化石公园的化石形成与保存。讲解过渡化石、保存化石和遗迹化石三种类型，并以火山灰掩埋和石化作用说明化石形成过程，还提到购买化石纪念品的地点和测量化石的工具。

题目与答案

1. Three types of fossils:

   ·Transitional fossils: rare, show evidence of evolutionary change

   ·31_____ fossils: actual fossilised remains

   答案：preserved

   原文定位：Next, the second type is actual fossilized remains of ancient organisms, which is categorized under preserved ones

2. ·lchno-fossils:32_____ indirect evidence of animals, e.g. footprints or tunnels

   答案：provide

   原文定位：The third category is ichnofossils, which can help to trace fossil size and forms;but instead provide indirect evidence of their activity

3. How fossils are formed:

   ·Organism trapped in volcanic ash: an organism is quickly buried under volcanic ash.

   ·Petrification

   Step 1: An animal is 33_____ in the mud after death.

   答案：buried

   原文定位：The first step is that after an animal dies, it gets buried in the mud or silt

4. Step 2:The mud dries and hardens over time.

   Step 3:Soil rich in 34_____ replace the bones, leaving behind a stone-like fossilized shape.

   答案：minerals

   原文定位：Eventually, the bones decay and are replaced by minerals in the surrounding soil

   同义替换：「soil rich in」↔「surrounding soil」

5. Purchasing fossils:

   ·Where to buy: Shop outside the park or from the park`s 35_____

   答案：exhibitions

   原文定位：You can visit the shop outside the park or explore the fossils available at the park's exhibitions

   同义替换：「buy」↔「purchase」

6. ·Prices: Generally affordable, but big fossil is very 36_____

   答案：expensive

   原文定位：most fossils can be afforded by customers, although larger ones can be quite expensive

   同义替换：「big」↔「larger」，「very」↔「quite」

7. | Functions of different types of tools |

   | --- | --- |

   | Tools | Function or Purpose |

   | a 37_____ | record the dimensions of each fossil |

   | a note and pen | record the types of 38..... |

   | a camera | record the 39..... |

   | a compass | detect 40..... locate |

   答案：tape measure

   原文定位：For example, a tape measure is provided next to each fossil, so you can record the dimensions of the specimen

8. | Functions of different types of tools |

   | --- | --- |

   | Tools | Function or Purpose |

   | a 37..... | record the dimensions of each fossil |

   | a note and pen | record the types of 38_____ |

   | a camera | record the 39..... |

   | a compass | detect 40..... locate |

   答案：rocks

   原文定位：Another one is a notebook and pen, which will allow you to document different types of rocks, as geology plays an essential role in fossil studies

   同义替换：「Record」↔「document」

9. | Functions of different types of tools |

   | --- | --- |

   | Tools | Function or Purpose |

   | a 37..... | record the dimensions of each fossil |

   | a note and pen | record the types of 38..... |

   | a camera | record the 39_____ |

   | a compass | detect 40..... locate |

   答案：details

   原文定位：If you have a camera, feel free to take photos of the fossils. This can help you review details later and compare different formations

10. | Functions of different types of tools |

    | --- | --- |

    | Tools | Function or Purpose |

    | a 37..... | record the dimensions of each fossil |

    | a note and pen | record the types of 38..... |

    | a camera | record the 39..... |

    | a compass | detect 40_____ locate |

    答案：soft sediments

    原文定位：Lastly, a compass can help explore soft sediments, which are often key indicators of fossil locations

    同义替换：「Detect」↔「explore」