The history of football in Great Britain

文章大意

这篇雅思听力Part4讲述19世纪英国足球的演变：从无规则的暴民足球（Shrovetide football/mob football），到逐渐规范化并分化出英式足球、橄榄球和爱尔兰盖尔式足球；后期强调道德价值观与球员健康，俱乐部提供医疗检查，足球也进入学校教育。

题目与答案

1. Which TWO aspects did the new rules at the end of the 19th century focus on?
   • cooperation
   • competition
   • moral values
   • player's physical protection
   • business model

   答案：moral values,player's physical protection

   原文定位：Towards the latter end of the nineteenth century and moving into the early part of the twentieth century, however, there appeared a newfound emphasis on moral values in football;Furthermore, as mob football died away, there grew a greater concern for players' health and general well-being, with many clubs affording their top players access to frequent medical checkups and treatment

   同义替换：「focus on」↔「emphasis on」，「physical protection」↔「health and general well-being」

2. Football in the UK

   At present the main reason why UK schools push football education is the pressure from 33_____ .

   答案：parents

   原文定位：This mainly comes as a result of pressure put on schools and the government by concerned parents who felt that football education taught their children valuable lessons and indeed vital life skills such as teamwork and a drive to succeed

   同义替换：「main reason」↔「mainly comes as a result of」

3. Prior to the 19th century,football players used different 34_____ of rules.

   答案：versions

   原文定位：With footballers previously playing according to their own versions of the rules

   同义替换：「Prior to」↔「previously」，「football players」↔「footballers」

4. People attempted to standardise the rules from the whole 35_____ , known as the ‘Cambridge Rules’ in 1848.

   答案：country

   原文定位：The result of the meeting was what is now known as the Cambridge Rules, thereby uniting the rules from across the country into one simple document

   同义替换：「attempted to standardise the rules」↔「uniting the rules from across the country into one simple document」，「whole」↔「across」

5. Attendances were increasing due to the improvement of infrastructure and the 36_____ system.

   答案：transport

   原文定位：Across the country, improvements in infrastructure and public transport had a knock-on effect of dramatically increasing attendance to football games

   同义替换：「due to」↔「had a knock-on effect of」

6. Football become popular and it is regarded as a 37_____ event.

   答案：social

   原文定位：Football quickly became a social event where spectators would meet friends, drink tea, and chat about the good old days

   同义替换：「regarded as」↔「became」

7. The football clubs were responsible for most of the 38_____ and development for the football association.

   答案：funding

   原文定位：But in the end, the onus fell upon Britain's local and regional football clubs for the funding and development of the Football Association

   同义替换：「responsible for」↔「the onus fell upon」

8. 39_____ against other teams were also organised by the football clubs.

   答案：competitions

   原文定位：They became responsible for the upkeep of football grounds, began to pay their best players a small salary, and organized competitions against other local and regional teams

9. In 1910s, 40_____ football players were approved of in the game.

   答案：professional

   原文定位：As the FA continued to grow and accumulate greater wealth, it was able to attract more and more talented young men from across the country before finally accepting professional talent in the early twentieth century