Health on the night shift

文章大意

讲座聚焦夜班工作者面临的健康问题，指出24小时营业导致夜班人数激增。研究提出三大原因：一是人体内部生物钟与昼夜节律冲突；二是夜班者长期睡眠不足，平均仅睡5-6小时，形成睡眠债；三是非社交工作时间带来的压力。

题目与答案

1. Background:

   ·A 31_____ in number of night workers because of 24-hour shopping/services

   ·Need to examine effects of changing work and sleep habits US and British research found these lead to health problems.

   答案：huge increase

   原文定位：there has been a huge increase in the number of workers doing regular night shifts in recent years, mainly because of the number of shops and services now open twenty-four hours

2. Main Causes:

   A)32_____

   答案：internal clock

   原文定位：they point to three main reasons for this. The first one is what they call the internal clock

   同义替换：「Causes」↔「reasons」

3. ·regulates daily life

   ·connected to behavioural patterns and cycles of 33_____ and _____

   ·programmes us to be awake and asleep at certain times

   答案：light|||dark

   原文定位：this clock is linked to, um, uh, not just our behavioral habits, but to cycles of light and dark

   同义替换：「connected to」↔「linked to」，「patterns」↔「habits」

4. B)Sleep Debt

   ·Impossible to get enough sleep during daytime.

   C)34_____

   ·different working/sleeping times, “dislocation”

   答案：unsocial hours

   原文定位：The third cause of these problems is the unsocial hours that night workers have to keep

   同义替换：「sleeping times」↔「unsocial hours」

5. Effects:

   A)Physical

   ·higher incidence of 35_____ problems and _____ problems

   ·more minor illnesses, suggesting that immunity of shift workers is affected

   答案：heart|||stomach

   原文定位：studies on long-term shift workers found that they were much more likely to get heart problems than day workers. In addition, there seems to be a very high incidence of stomach problems

6. B)Psychological

   ·most common: 36_____

   答案：depression

   原文定位：the most common problem is depression

7. ·37_____ affected,

   答案：mental abilities

   原文定位：there is a lot of evidence from accident statistics to suggest that mental abilities are badly affected

8. e.g., decision-making, planning, which regulate our 38_____

   答案：performance

   原文定位：these are what control our performance

   同义替换：「regulate」↔「control」

9. C)Social

   Night shift work can lead to:

   ·destruction of 39_____

   答案：family life

   原文定位：The first one is obviously the breakup of family life

   同义替换：「destruction」↔「breakup」

10. and other relationships, e.g. 40_____

    ·eventually, for individuals: social isolation

    答案：friends

    原文定位：But there's also the breakdown of other relationships, not just within the family, but among the peer group. Uh, night workers tend to lose touch with friends

    同义替换：「other relationships」↔「among the peer group」