Early gold mining in the Otago, region, New Zealand

文章大意

19世纪60年代，新西兰奥塔哥地区因发现黄金而兴起淘金热。澳大利亚矿工加布里埃尔·里德在1861年发现金矿，引发数千人涌入。文章讲述了淘金者的构成（劳工、商人、女性）、城镇的兴起、建筑从临时到永久的变化，以及矿工在偏远峡谷中艰苦的生活条件。

题目与答案

1. Background

   · 1852 : there was a brief gold rush

   · Late 1850s: local governments offered a 31_____ to experienced gold prospectors.

   答案：reward

   原文定位：So what the local government started doing in the late eighteen fifties was promising a reward if these prospectors discovered gold anywhere in their province

   同义替换：「offered」↔「promising」

2. · May 1861: miner Gabriel Read found gold in a 32_____

   答案：river

   原文定位：The story goes that he was walking outside his tent at night when he saw gold shining like stars in a nearby river

   同义替换：「found」↔「saw」

3. Who took part in the gold rush?

   · Mainly young single men or men leaving families at home.

   · Women opened 33_____ for the miners.

   答案：hotels

   原文定位：But women did come too;They made a living by starting up hotels, simple ones, of course, where new arrivals would often stay

   同义替换：「opened」↔「starting up」，「for the miners」↔「where new arrivals would stay」

4. · Businessmen offered services, e.g. hardware stores and 34_____ .

   答案：banks

   原文定位：And then there were businessmen who knew there was money to be made by setting up services like hardware stores that sold mining and camping equipment, and of course, banks where gold could be deposited

   同义替换：「offered」↔「setting up」，「e.g.」↔「like」

5. What were early mining towns like?

   · At first, the buildings were made of canvas and timber, and later 35_____

   答案：concrete

   原文定位：At first, the buildings were constructed in a temporary fashion, just made out of materials such as canvas and timber. But later, once supply started arriving, it was concrete, so the structures became more permanent

6. What difficulties did miners face at the gold fields?

   · The freezing temperatures and unexpected 36_____ .

   答案：flooding

   原文定位：The miners were often working at the bottom of deep gorges, so they had to cope with freezing temperatures and also sudden flooding when winter ice melted in the mountains

   同义替换：「unexpected」↔「sudden」，「difficulties」↔「had to cope with」

7. · A poor diet of tea and 37_____ .

   答案：flour

   原文定位：They mostly drank tea, and the main thing they had to eat was flour, which they cooked in different ways

   同义替换：「food」↔「thing they had to eat」

8. What benefits and problems did gold bring to the Otago region?

   Growth of the Otago town of Dunedin led to complaints about:

   · The increasing price of 38_____ .

   · Problems with sanitation.

   答案：land

   原文定位：Some of the original residents complained about how the value of land was increasing and about the inadequate sanitation

   同义替换：「price」↔「value」

9. The gold also resulted in:

   · Investment in shipping

   · The first New Zealand 39_____ .

   答案：university

   原文定位：Another unexpected benefit of this wealth was that it provided the funds for the first university in the country

   同义替换：「the country」↔「New Zealand」，「resulted in」↔「provided the funds for」

10. · The need for experienced workers, in particular 40_____ .

    答案：engineers

    原文定位：As well as this, as the industry developed, there was a great demand for workers of all sorts, but most of all, there was a demand for experienced and skilled engineers

    同义替换：「need」↔「demand」，「in particular」↔「most of all」