Dolphin intelligence

文章大意

这篇雅思听力Part4是生物学讲座，探讨海豚的智力水平。讲座对比海豚与黑猩猩、人类的大脑大小，指出宽吻海豚大脑比人类还大，但海豚常被困在金枪鱼渔网中，似乎不懂跳过障碍逃生；人们误把海豚固定的嘴型微笑当作聪明和快乐的表现。讲座还提到鸽子、老鼠等小脑动物被低估的认知能力，说明脑容量并非决定智力的唯一因素。

题目与答案

1. Point 1: Not highly intelligent

   Research on the size of dolphin brains:

   · Dolphins cannot find a way of escaping barriers such as fishing 31_____ for catching tuna.

   答案：nets

   原文定位：For instance, dolphins are often trapped in gill nets originally intended for tuna fishing

   同义替换：「catching」↔「intended for」，「escaping barriers」↔「trapped in」

2. · People wrongly thought dolphins to be smart and happy as they often have a 32_____ .

   答案：smile

   原文定位：People often mistakenly view dolphins' eternal smile as signs of intelligence and joy

   同义替换：「wrongly thought」↔「mistakenly view」，「smart and happy」↔「intelligence and joy」，「often have」↔「eternal」

3. · Small-brained animals such as pigeons and 33_____ can perform various complex tasks:

   答案：rats

   原文定位：Pigeons and rats are typical examples of small brain animals which can perform tasks so complex

   同义替换：「such as」↔「typical examples of」

4. - Pigeons are 34_____ of themselves.

   答案：aware

   原文定位：Pigeons are aware of their bodies when they see their reflections in the mirror

5. - Pigeons are trained to conditional responses and 35_____ reactions.

   答案：instinctive

   原文定位：Pigeons are also trained under specific conditions and gradually form instinctive reactions

6. Counter argument

   · Fatty cells in dolphins brains are linked to protective function and problem-solving skills.

   Point 2: Highly intelligent

   Research on dolphin behavior:

   · Billy can imitate the keepers` 36_____ through other dolphins.

   答案：actions

   原文定位：Billy had started tail walking, a skill only mastered by captive dolphins who imitated the keepers. Billy had not been trained to tail walk, but had learnt the skill simply by observing other dolphins in the rehab center

   同义替换：「skill」↔「actions」

7. · Karen hides a 37_____ for more food.

   答案：newspaper

   原文定位：she quickly learned to take a newspaper, keep it at the bottom of a tank, and tear off smaller pieces to get more fish

   同义替换：「hides」↔「keep」，「food」↔「fish」

8. · For the past century, dolphins have been seen as 38_____ animals.

   答案：social

   原文定位：Over the past hundred years, researchers have proven that dolphins are extremely social species

   同义替换：「for the past century」↔「over the past hundred years」，「animals」↔「species」

9. · Each dolphin produces a unique sound, like the 39_____ .

   答案：whistle

   原文定位：every dolphin has a different sound, resembling the whistle that other dolphins recognize as a particular individual

   同义替换：「unique」↔「different」，「like」↔「resembling」

10. · They touch each other to make up after a 40_____ .

    答案：fight

    原文定位：During mating season, male dolphins stroke females with flippers after a fight to affirm social bonds

    同义替换：「touch each other」↔「stroke females with flippers」