Using natural building materials

文章大意

讲座介绍用天然材料建房的方法，重点讲夯土法和土坯砖法。夯土用木框固定湿土并高强度压实，适合干旱气候；土坯砖以黏土制砖，便宜易学但需防裂。还提到所有方法都需混凝土基础，难以做到百分百天然。

题目与答案

1. Using Natural Building Materials

   With all methods of building using natural materials, a good 31_____ is needed.

   答案：foundation

   原文定位：All these materials and construction techniques require first and foremost a solid foundation

   同义替换：「needed」↔「require」

2. Rammed earth

   ● A framework made from wood filled with soil

   ● The best soil has large quantities of 32_____ .

   答案：sand

   原文定位：The most appropriate type of soil for this construction method is one with a high concentration of sand in it

   同义替换：「best」↔「most appropriate」，「large quantities」↔「high concentration」

3. Adobe(mud brick)

   ● The most suitable soil for adobe brick contains lots of 33_____ .

   答案：clay

   原文定位：This utilizes bricks which can be made from a variety of soils but are most suitable when made from a soil rich in clay

   同义替换：「contains lots of」↔「rich in」

4. ● Advantages

   - cheap and 34_____

   答案：convenient

   原文定位：The main advantage of this adobe brick method is that the materials are cheap and also that it's convenient for people in many geographical areas

5. - little 35_____ is needed for brick-making

   答案：training

   原文定位：The construction method is also popular because making the bricks requires minimal training

   同义替换：「needed」↔「requires」，「little」↔「minimal」

6. ● Disadvantage

   - a lot of water, time and 36_____ are required

   答案：labor

   原文定位：The process demands significant investment of time as well as labor

   同义替换：「a lot of」↔「significant investment of」，「and」↔「as well as」，「required」↔「demands」

7. Straw bales

   ● Bales-large rectangular blocks of straw

   ● A 37_____ needs to be constructed first

   答案：roof

   原文定位：When building with straw bales, the first thing that needs to be done is to construct a roof supported by poles

8. ● The bales are covered with plaster for protection against 38_____ .

   ● Advantage

   - the bales act as efficient insulation

   答案：insects

   原文定位：The bales are then coated with a layer of plaster which seals and protects them and keeps the insects out of them

   同义替换：「covered」↔「coated」，「protection against」↔「keeps the insects out of」

9. Bamboo

   ● This is versatile material

   ● Advantage

   - the shape of the bamboo stalks gives them 39_____ .

   答案：strength

   原文定位：One of its primary advantages is due to the hollow, round, and segmented shape of its individual stalks which give it its strength

   同义替换：「the shape of the bamboo stalks」↔「hollow, round, and segmented shape of its individual stalks」

10. ● Disadvantages

    - not widely available

    - risk of 40_____

    答案：fire

    原文定位：And also because it catches fire easily, bamboo can be problematic and potentially dangerous

    同义替换：「risk」↔「potentially dangerous」，「disadvantage」↔「drawback」