Climate and architecture

文章大意

托本·达尔博士在建筑系列讲座中探讨气候与建筑的关系，重点分析酸雨对建筑的破坏：酸雨中的化学物质导致油漆剥落、钢结构腐蚀和石像侵蚀。研究显示高海拔地区污染物浓度较低，摩天大楼受酸雨影响较小。Alter项目专门研究酸雨对传统石砌建筑的损害，砖石结构易被酸性物质腐蚀。

题目与答案

1. Cases and examples are from practice conducted in 31_____ as well as rural areas.

   答案：cities

   原文定位：Throughout this lecture series, we will be looking at the latest research into climatic design carried out by experts in the field, in addition to case studies and examples drawn from modernist practice, both in cities and rural areas

2. Acid rain

   The chemicals have devastating effects on the architecture.

   The government try to reduce the negative effects.

   Funds have been received from a 32_____ .

   答案：bank

   原文定位：Private organizations have also been raising awareness and funds and recently received a huge donation from the bank

   同义替换：「Funds」↔「a huge donation」

3. 33_____ experience lower level of acid in damaging pollutants.

   答案：skyscrapers

   原文定位：Research has shown that there are lower levels of acid in the damaging pollutants at higher altitudes, meaning that skyscrapers are much less vulnerable to the negative effects as they are exposed to acid rain with far lower levels of damaging pollutants

   同义替换：「experience」↔「are exposed to」

4. In recent years, Alter Project focuses on the buildings made of 34_____ .

   答案：stone

   原文定位：Recently, the Alter Project was founded to carry out further research into acid rain;This project is directed towards studying the effects of acid rain on old traditional buildings of stone construction that are vulnerable to damage caused by acid rain

   同义替换：「focuses on」↔「is directed towards studying」

5. Pollution

   One of the main sources of pollution is from the construction industry.

   35_____ is used to reduce pollution in Sky Tower.

   答案：glass

   原文定位：A recent case study for this is Sky Tower, whose windows have been made from recycled glass to prevent pollution from the glass making process

   同义替换：「is used to reduce」↔「to prevent」

6. Construction is affected by the increased 36_____ in winter.

   答案：rainfall

   原文定位：This makes winter an undesirable season for construction as the heavy rainfall can have adverse effects on the building

   同义替换：「is affected by」↔「can have adverse effects on」，「increased」↔「heavy」

7. Humidity affects the 37_____ buildings whose grain can be condensed by moisture from the air.

   答案：wood

   原文定位：However, it can have a serious effect on wooden constructions if the timber has not been correctly treated;Moisture from the air can condense in the grain of the wood, which then swells and shrinks in proportion to the magnitude of change in its moisture content

8. Buildings&Technology

   Ground conditions can be a problem when the density of the 38_____ is wrong.

   答案：soil

   原文定位：Ground conditions are a cause for worry in many constructions, as often the soil is at the wrong density to protect the foundations

   同义替换：「problem」↔「a cause for worry」

9. Architects can now monitor the 39_____ of buildings.

   答案：movement

   原文定位：The movement of building structures can now also be measured and monitored over time by architects

10. The government should make 40_____ for the architects.

    答案：guidelines

    原文定位：Guidelines are also expected to be produced by the government in the near future that will give architects a universal checklist to follow

    同义替换：「should make」↔「are also expected to be produced by」