Stone age man in Japan

文章大意

讲座介绍日本石器时代人类的考古证据：1877年美国动物学家Edward S. Morse在东京大森发现带有独特纹样的陶器碎片，20世纪60年代在九州福井洞穴又出土同类陶器，碳定年显示其约制作于公元前10000年，这类陶器被称为绳文陶器，相应时期称为绳文时代。讲座还讲到冰期陆桥让石器时代人类从亚洲大陆进入日本，以及气候变暖后森林出现、鹿和野猪等动物栖息的变化。

题目与答案

1. Evidence and findings

   - In 1877, pottery fragments were found in the area

   - In 1960s, more pottery examples were excavated in Fukui Cave in Japan

   - Technology proved Jomon pottery was produced before 31_____ BC.

   答案：10,000

   原文定位：They could now take advantage of carbon dating technology, and to their amazement, it showed that the pottery had been made around 12,000 years ago. That's 10,000 BC

   同义替换：「proved」↔「showed」，「produced before」↔「had been made around」

2. -During Ice Age, the Japanese islands were linked to Asian`s mainland

   -Stone Age people arrived in Japan through a 32_____ .

   答案：land bridge

   原文定位：So you could cross from one large landmass to another over something that we call a land bridge. That's how Stone Age humans crossed into Japan

   同义替换：「people」↔「humans」，「arrived in」↔「crossed into」，「through」↔「over」

3. -Temperature rise led to the growth of 33_____ and the number of smaller animals.

   答案：forest

   原文定位：But when temperatures finally rose, this led to some major environmental changes. Japan had been covered in frozen earth, but now, with the warmer climate, forests grew

   同义替换：「Temperature rise」↔「warmer climate」

4. -For hunting smaller animals, people used 34_____ as weapons.

   答案：arrows

   原文定位：Where once people had used spears to attack the elephants and giant deer that they depended upon for food, for hunting the new smaller animals, they replaced these weapons with arrows and developed skills in archery

5. -Their major food pattern consists of plants, 35_____ and fish.

   答案：nuts

   原文定位：The new habitat also meant that they had a new range of foodstuffs at their disposal, which they could collect, a greater variety of plants, nuts, and fish

   同义替换：「major food pattern」↔「foodstuffs at their disposal」，「consists of」↔「a greater variety of」

6. Jomon Period

   - 10,500 BC to 8,000 BC, Jomon hunters were on the move

   - 8,000 BC to 5,000 BC, Jomon people lived in 36_____ .

   答案：southwest

   原文定位：One of these has been found to the southwest of Mount Fuji

7. - Each household used a pair of 37_____ in cooking.

   答案：stones

   原文定位：Each of these houses had its own two stones, a flat one and a grinding one, for breaking down the nuts and other hard vegetable-type foodstuffs the Jomon survived on at this time

8. - A significant rise in 38_____ grew rapidly.

   答案：population

   原文定位：This more sedentary culture led to important population increases

   同义替换：「significant rise」↔「important population increases」

9. Migration influence

   - development in textiles and glass-making

   - introduction of the 39_____ traditions

   答案：marriage

   原文定位：the newcomers brought with them technological developments in textiles and glassmaking, and they also introduced their marriage rituals

   同义替换：「traditions」↔「rituals」

10. - improvement of architecture

    - the beginning of food cultivation, such as 40_____ .

    答案：rice

    原文定位：At this time, the Jomon people also began to cultivate food, and in particular, rice

    同义替换：「such as」↔「in particular」