雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
日本备前烧：无釉柴烧陶艺
本篇也叫：备前烧、备前陶、日本备前、备前烧陶瓷、Bizen烧、柴烧备前
Part 2 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2026.6.6
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 2）《Japanese Bizen》，共 14 题，2026.6.6雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章介绍日本六大古窑之一的备前烧，产自冈山县伊部地区，起源于12世纪平安时代。备前烧不使用人工釉料，依靠当地稻田黏土、高温柴窑和稻草绳等自然因素形成独特颜色与纹理，如绯色、胡麻和桧垣纹。历史上从日常杂器发展为桃山时代茶道名品，受千利休及织田信长、丰臣秀吉推崇。
A
Bizen ware is one of Japan’s Six Ancient Kiln ceramics, originating in Imbe village of Okayama Prefecture in western Japan, with its origins traceable back to the late Heian period around the 12th century, evolving from primitive Sue stoneware. The local geography laid solid foundations for its prosperity: surrounding mountains provide abundant iron-rich clay and firewood, while three nearby rivers plus convenient coastal shipping made nationwide commodity transport effortless for local potters. Unlike most Japanese pottery decorated with colourful glazes, classic Bizen has zero artificial glaze coating, all surface colours and textures come purely from clay composition, kiln temperature, wood ash and oxygen changes during high-temperature firing.
B
The core raw material of Bizen production is unique paddy field clay dug from local rice paddies. Before being used for shaping, harvested clay must be stored and naturally aged outdoors for multiple years to remove impurities and improve malleability. Its high iron content is the key to varied natural hues: direct flame contact creates bright scarlet or persimmon-orange called hi-iro; falling charcoal ash leaves milky white or light grey patches; low-oxygen sealed kiln areas turn the surface into deep chestnut and gunmetal black. A famous traditional technique named hidasuki wraps dried straw rope tightly around unfired pots; after firing, rope combustion leaves distinctive red linear marks on ware surfaces.
C
Bizen’s early production focused entirely on practical daily necessities such as storage jars, mortars and water containers for ordinary villagers from the Kamakura to Muromachi era. It gained aristocratic recognition in Japan’s Momoyama age when the nation’s iconic tea master Sen no Rikyu promoted minimalist wabi-sabi aesthetics for tea ceremonies. Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, two powerful feudal rulers, became loyal collectors, ordering large batches of handcrafted Bizen tea bowls and vases for formal royal tea gatherings, lifting Bizen from rural folk craft to high-end artistic ceramic.
D
For centuries, Bizen pieces are fired in huge traditional climbing wood-fired kilns over 10 consecutive days and nights without interruption. Potters place finished unfired wares at different shelf positions inside the kiln intentionally: items near the fire gate receive strong open flame, while those deep inside stay in low-oxygen smoky zones. No two finished Bizen works can ever look identical, as tiny shifts in airflow and ash fall create unrepeatable natural patterns, a core charm pursued by generations of Bizen craftsmen.
E
The industry faced severe decline twice in modern history. First, mass-produced cheap glazed industrial ceramics flooded the domestic market in early 20th century, drastically cutting demand for hand-made Bizen. Second, World War II disrupted raw material supply and forced most ancient kilns to shut down temporarily. Thanks to efforts from several master potters in the mid-1950s, traditional Bizen craftsmanship was designated Japan’s Intangible Cultural Property, receiving official government financial support and protection, which saved the endangered craft from vanishing entirely.
F
Contemporary Bizen development balances heritage protection and modern innovation. Modern artisans retain all classic raw material and firing rules but design new-style tableware, decorative artworks for global art collectors; international art exhibitions held annually introduce Bizen rustic beauty to Europe and North America, steadily expanding its overseas market. Meanwhile, local pottery museums and craft workshops open to tourists, turning Bizen Imbe village into a famous Japanese cultural tourism spot.
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答案：geographical advantage and basic feature of Bizen
原文定位：The local geography laid solid foundations for its prosperity;Unlike most Japanese pottery decorated with colourful glazes, classic Bizen has zero artificial glaze coating, all surface colours and textures come purely from clay composition, kiln temperature, wood ash and oxygen changes during high-temperature firing
同义替换：「geographical advantage」↔「local geography laid solid foundations」，「basic feature」↔「zero artificial glaze」
答案：raw clay and natural colour formation rules
原文定位：The core raw material of Bizen production is unique paddy field clay;Its high iron content is the key to varied natural hues;A famous traditional technique named hidasuki...leaves distinctive red linear marks
同义替换：「raw clay」↔「paddy field clay」，「natural colour formation rules」↔「varied natural hues」
答案：historical shift from daily goods to elite tea craft
原文定位：Bizen’s early production focused entirely on practical daily necessities;lifting Bizen from rural folk craft to high-end artistic ceramic
同义替换：「goods」↔「necessities」，「elite tea craft」↔「high-end artistic ceramic」
答案：traditional long-time wood-kiln firing technology
原文定位：For centuries, Bizen pieces are fired in huge traditional climbing wood-fired kilns over 10 consecutive days and nights without interruption
答案：challenges and official rescue in modern times
原文定位：The industry faced severe decline twice in modern history;receiving official government financial support and protection, which saved the endangered craft from vanishing entirely
同义替换：「Challenges」↔「severe decline」，「official rescue」↔「government financial support」
答案：modern revival and international development
原文定位：Contemporary Bizen development balances heritage protection and modern innovation;expanding its overseas market;turning Bizen Imbe village into a famous Japanese cultural tourism spot
答案：NO
原文定位：Unlike most Japanese pottery decorated with colourful glazes, classic Bizen has zero artificial glaze coating
同义替换：「All」↔「most」
答案：NOT GIVEN
原文定位：Before being used for shaping, harvested clay must be stored and naturally aged outdoors for multiple years
答案：YES
原文定位：Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, two powerful feudal rulers;lifting Bizen from rural folk craft to high-end artistic ceramic
同义替换：「Top Japanese feudal lords」↔「powerful feudal rulers」，「boost Bizen’s social status」↔「lifting Bizen from rural folk craft to high-end artistic ceramic」
答案：NO
原文定位：Modern artisans retain all classic raw material and firing rules
答案：hidasuki
原文定位：A famous traditional technique named hidasuki wraps dried straw rope tightly around unfired pots; after firing, rope combustion leaves distinctive red linear marks on ware surfaces
同义替换：「red stripe patterns」↔「red linear marks」，「with straw ropes」↔「wraps dried straw rope」
答案：daily necessities
原文定位：Bizen’s early production focused entirely on practical daily necessities such as storage jars, mortars and water containers for ordinary villagers
同义替换：「ordinary local residents used 」↔「for ordinary villagers」
答案：Intangible Cultural Property
原文定位：traditional Bizen craftsmanship was designated Japan’s Intangible Cultural Property, receiving official government financial support and protection
同义替换：「obtained government aid」↔「receiving official government financial support」，「listed as」↔「designated」
答案：cultural tourism
原文定位：turning Bizen Imbe village into a famous Japanese cultural tourism spot