雅思阅读真题（Part 1）

Nanotechnology: the science of the very small

纳米技术：极小尺度的科学

本篇也叫：纳米技术、纳米科技、纳米材料、纳米科学、纳米

Part 1 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2018.3.15

本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 1）《Nanotechnology: the science of the very small》，共 11 题，2018.3.15雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。

文章大意

文章介绍纳米技术的基本定义——制造尺寸不超过100纳米的 structures，并举例说明其应用：防晒霜中的二氧化钛纳米颗粒可减少自由基伤害、使产品透明且持久；该技术还能用于衣物、涂料等改善耐用性，并有望应对气候变化、水净化和医疗等全球问题。

题目原文

A 

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have become very fashionable in recent times. Their prominence has inspired science fiction and raised a lot of hope and hype about the possibilities. But what exactly is nanotechnology? Most definitions agree that it is the manufacture of structures that measure up to 100 nanometres (nm). The diameter of an atom is typically only two or three tenths of a nanometre while that of the human hair is around 1,000,000 nm. Essentially, we are now able to build new structures from atoms and molecules as if we were using the bricks of a children’s construction toy.

 

B 

Most of the electronic consumer goods that we use today contain components that measure less than 100 nm. The lasers in our CD and DVD players make use of the properties of semiconductor layers that are just a few atoms in thickness, so we clearly are in the nanotechnology age. There are many other everyday items that we take for granted that have nanoparticles in them. One of these is sunscreen. In the 1990s there were safety issues with many of the sunscreen products available, so scientists at Oxford University set about finding a solution. The product they developed uses nanoparticles of titanium dioxide that are doped with the element manganese. This reduces the hazard of potentially skin-damaging agents known as free radicals. The product is almost transparent to the eye when spread on the skin, and it is effective for much longer than many of the traditional preparations. In this case, we see an example of nanotechnology providing a solution to an existing problem rather than opening up new product areas.

 

C 

The technique of using nanotechnology to adapt existing products can also be applied to garments, upholstery, paint and plastics, to improve their longevity. Bearing this in mind, it is interesting to ask whether nanotechnology can help with some of the world’s major current issues. The recent growth in climate change awareness calls a range of things into question. Can we use energy more effectively? Can we reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Can we use and purify water more effectively? Can healthcare be improved? Nanotechnology may very well provide the solutions. There are few times in history when the application of science to improving the human condition has been so apparent.

 

E 

Water purification is increasingly challenging and many believe that water, which we take for granted, is going to become more valuable than oil. Currently we do not use water efficiently, and many industrial and food processes leave contamination in water that is potentially toxic and difficult to remove. Nanofiltration may provide the solution to these problems, and may also offer new routes to the desalination of brackish water and groundwater in some parts of the world.

 

F 

Food production and processing are becoming more important as the world’s population increases. There are concerns that potentially harmful nano-products might enter the body via the gut. Such concerns are being addressed, but it is even more important to ask questions about how nanotechnology might increase the nutritious yield of food and be adapted to help preserve and package food. There is already evidence to show that it might also be helpful in the primary production of raw food materials, by way of better delivery of pesticides in the field and better extraction of protein and carbohydrates.

 

G 

Healthcare is an area where the application of nanotechnology is already exceeding the expectations of ten years ago. It is happening across several fronts: better appreciation of what the 'natural' nanoparticles circulating in body fluid do; better methods of delivering drugs to the body via nanoparticles that target the diseased body part; improvements to the diagnostic imaging techniques of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray computerised tomography. We are now at the threshold of a new subject, ‘theranostics’, whereby nanoparticles will first deliver the diagnostic information to the clinician and then, using the same particle, deliver a form of therapy.

 

H 

Nanotechnology is a life-changing technology, making the quality of life better, enabling us to make use of our resources more effectively, thereby protecting our environment, and creating new business opportunities. There are many other examples in the world of ‘new materials’ that also make use of nanotechnology. The possibilities may well be limitless.

想在线练习这套卷子？进入机考练习

题目与答案

  1. Nanotechnology
    In the same way that a child may use 1_____, scientists are now able to create new structures by combining the smallest particles known to man.

    答案：bricks

    原文定位：Essentially, we are now able to build new structures from atoms and molecules as if we were using the bricks of a children’s construction toy

    同义替换：「create」↔「build」，「combining the smallest particles」↔「from atoms and molecules」

  2. Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about nanotechnology and energy resources?
    • Nanotechnology means that solar energy will replace fossil fuel energy.
    • We have made solar batteries for the first time by applying nanotechnology.
    • Further research is needed to turn nanotechnology into practical energy solutions.
    • Nanotechnology is being used to remove dangerous gases from the atmosphere.
    • Nanotechnology has helped create cheaper sources of energy.

    答案：Further research is needed to turn nanotechnology into practical energy solutions.,Nanotechnology is being used to remove dangerous gases from the atmosphere.

    原文定位：The recent growth in climate change awareness calls a range of things into question. Can we use energy more effectively? Can we reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Can we use and purify water more effectively? Can healthcare be improved? Nanotechnology may very well provide the solutions

    同义替换：「reduce carbon dioxide」↔「remove dangerous gases」，「may provide solutions」↔「need further research for practical energy solutions」

  3. In which TWO ways does the writer think nanotechnology could improve food production?
    • by enabling crops to grow faster
    • by keeping food fresh for longer
    • by making food tastier
    • by protecting food from insects better
    • by increasing the variety of food

    答案：by keeping food fresh for longer,by protecting food from insects better

    原文定位：it is even more important to ask questions about how nanotechnology might increase the nutritious yield of food and be adapted to help preserve and package food;better delivery of pesticides in the field and better extraction of protein and carbohydrates

    同义替换：「keeping food fresh for longer」↔「preserve and package food」，「protecting food from insects better」↔「better delivery of pesticides」

  4. We can fully appreciate the microscopic scale of this work by comparing the exact 2_____ of one atom with that of a single human hair.

    答案：diameter

    原文定位：The diameter of an atom is typically only two or three tenths of a nanometre while that of the human hair is around 1,000,000 nm

    同义替换：「comparing」↔「while」

  5. A lot of today’s electronic consumer goods, such as lasers, have components that are microscopic in size. They are not the only products relying on nanotechnology. For example, a long-lasting 3_____, widely available today, relies on minute nanoparticles for its effectiveness. This was developed in the 1990s as a result of concerns about the safety of existing products.

    答案：sunscreen

    原文定位：One of these is sunscreen. In the 1990s there were safety issues with many of the sunscreen products available, so scientists at Oxford University set about finding a solution. The product they developed uses nanoparticles of titanium dioxide that are doped with the element manganes;it is effective for much longer than many of the traditional preparations

    同义替换：「long-lasting」↔「effective for much longer」，「relies on minute nanoparticles for its effectiveness」↔「uses nanoparticles」，「concerns about」↔「issues with」

  6. a comparison between two of the world’s vital natural resources
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：Water purification is increasingly challenging and many believe that water, which we take for granted, is going to become more valuable than oil

    同义替换：「the world’s vital」↔「more valuable」

  7. a mention of how nanotechnology could be dangerous for humans
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：F

    原文定位：There are concerns that potentially harmful nano-products might enter the body via the gut

    同义替换：「dangerous」↔「harmful」，「for humans」↔「enter the body」

  8. a claim that nanotechnology has influenced modern authors
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：A

    原文定位：Their prominence has inspired science fiction and raised a lot of hope and hype about the possibilities

    同义替换：「influenced」↔「inspired」

  9. a reference to the fact that nanotechnology is achieving more than was anticipated a decade ago
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：G

    原文定位：Healthcare is an area where the application of nanotechnology is already exceeding the expectations of ten years ago

    同义替换：「anticipated」↔「expectations」，「decade」↔「ten years」

  10. a suggestion that nanotechnology could provide financial as well as ecological benefits
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：H

    原文定位：Nanotechnology is a life-changing technology, making the quality of life better, enabling us to make use of our resources more effectively, thereby protecting our environment, and creating new business opportunities

    同义替换：「financial benefits」↔「creating new business opportunities」，「ecological benefits」↔「protecting our environment」，「as well as」↔「and」

  11. 本题暂无
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：A

相关雅思阅读真题

去机考系统练习这篇真题 →