Design against crime

文章大意

讲座介绍通过设计产品和环境来预防犯罪，即情境犯罪预防。该理念20世纪70年代起源于美国，如今因科技发展、人们随身携带贵重物品和个人信息而愈发重要。举例包括在物品上刻不可擦除的电话号码、自行车防盗锁线、英镑纸币的防伪设计等。

题目与答案

1. Design against crime

   Background

   ·USA in the 1970s: Situational Crime Prevention movement

   ·problems are made worse by developments in 31_____

   答案：technology

   原文定位：in particular because of advances in technology, which mean most of us carry around many more things which are temptations to thieves

   同义替换：「developments」↔「advances」

2. ·nowadays, one bag often holds lots of expensive items and 32_____

   答案：personal information

   原文定位：Nowadays, in a single bag we carry around with us, we may have numerous costly objects and also a lot of personal information which can, with ingenuity, be used or, should I say, abused by criminals

   同义替换：「one」↔「single」，「lots of expensive items」↔「numerous costly objects」

3. Products

   portable objects- put a non-removable 33_____ on the product

   答案：phone number

   原文定位：If an object can be picked up easily, a simple way to protect it is to place a phone number on it in such a way that it can't be wiped off

   同义替换：「portable」↔「can be picked up easily」，「non-removable」↔「can't be wiped off」

4. bikes-cutting the cable activates a 34_____

   答案：lock

   原文定位：Another commonly stolen item is bikes. Increasingly, these have security wires or cables, and when these are cut by a thief trying to get to the bike, a lock snaps into place, which means no one can use it

   同义替换：「cutting the cable」↔「these security wires or cables are cut」，「activates」↔「snaps into place」

5. bank notes -designed so you can't copy them

   Japan-a 35_____ is used to throw at shoplifters

   答案：ball

   原文定位：In Japan, for instance, they have invented a ball which can be thrown at thieves escaping from the shop

   同义替换：「shoplifters」↔「thieves」

6. Tags-release 36_____ when forced off

   答案：ink

   原文定位：And in the UK, tags are attached to clothing in shops. When the tag is tampered with, ink is released onto the fabric

   同义替换：「when forced off」↔「when the tag is tampered with」

7. properly designed products help lower 37_____ costs

   答案：insurance

   原文定位：And it's also the case that products that are properly protected have lower insurance charges

   同义替换：「costs」↔「charges」

8. Environments

   the worst places are 38_____ and transport depots

   答案：bus stops

   原文定位：Studies have shown that there are certain places which are particularly susceptible. Bus stops are notoriously bad, as is any form of transport depot

   同义替换：「worst places」↔「notoriously bad」

9. problems in such environments are usually made worse by poor architectural design, e.g

   - poor 39_____

   答案：lighting

   原文定位：problematic architectural design features, such as bad lighting

   同义替换：「poor」↔「problematic」

10. - places such as 40_____ where people can hide

    答案：corners

    原文定位：Another thing which makes problems worse is having areas like corners in which people cannot easily be seen

    同义替换：「hide」↔「cannot easily be seen」，「places such as」↔「areas like」