雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
多任务处理与大脑：为什么一心不能二用
本篇也叫：多任务处理、一心多用、多任务并行、大脑 multitasking、同时做两件事、注意力分散
Part 2 · 考频：超高频 · 最近考试：2024.8.29澳门理工大学
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 2）《Multi-tasking and the brain》，共 13 题，2024.8.29澳门理工大学雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章探讨多任务处理与大脑的关系，指出只有约3%的“超级任务者”能同时处理多个复杂任务，大多数人无法有效多任务。通过Edward Hallowell、Paul Dux和David Strayer等研究，说明注意力容量有限，边开车边打电话等行为会严重损害表现，并涉及前额叶皮层在注意力分配中的作用。
A
Do you think you're a master of multi-tasking? Think again. Unless you are one of the three percent of super-taskers in the population, research shows that your brain isn't capable of paying close attention to more than one complex task at a time. Researchers who study attention say that effective multi-tasking is beyond most of us. Psychiatrist Edward M Hallowell even describes multi-tasking as 'a mythical activity in which people believe they can perform two or more tasks simultaneously as effectively as they can perform one'.
B
It is true that you can check your email while eating your lunch, or listen to music while walking. But innate activities like walking, chewing, and breathing do not require you to pay attention, whereas activities such as reading, tapping out a text message, or driving a car do require attention, Why is paying attention to two things at once difficult? 'The orain can perform simultaneous tasks but attention has capacity limitations,' says Associate Professor Paul E Dux, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of Queensland in Australia. When you do only one thing at a time, you're better at that task than when you're doing multiple things concurrently.
Take the classic multi-tasking scenario of talking on a mobile phone while driving - an ill-advised activity that many people believe they have mastered. When David Strayer Professor of Psychology at the University of Utah in the US, and his team observed 56.000 drivers as they approached an intersection, the majority of drivers who were talking on their phone failed to stop in accordance with traffic laws. And it did not matter if the driver was using a handheld or hands-free device. Even with both eyes on the road and both hands on the wheel, drivers' performance was impaired. Strayer's research shows that performance deteriorates drastically when attention is split between tasks. more mistakes are made and it takes longer to complete each activity.
C
The prefrontal cortex is the brain region responsible for choosing what to pay attention to, and for coordinating inputs from other brain areas. By scanning the prefrontal cortex of people while they multi-tasked, scientists at the French Institute of Health and Medical Research in Paris (INSERM) found that when people focused on a single thing, the right and left sides of the prefrontal cortex work together. But when people attempt to perform two things at once, the sides work independently. Neuroscientist Etienne Koechlin says his study demonstrates that while the brain can switch pack and forth between two tasks, we might be in great trouble when we try to juggle more than two tasks, simply because we have only two frontal lobes'.
D
To the question of whether there is a difference between the sexes, Koechlin's imaging studies uncovered no differences in the ability to switch between tasks in the prefrontal cortices of men or women. But other researchers studying real life scenarios such as finding lost keys, believe there might be some truth to the claim that women are superior multi-taskers. Women have a much better strategy for finding the keys, whereas men tend to jump to it and be far less organised and thorough. "It's as if they don't stop to reflect and plan for a moment,' says Professor Keith Laws from the University of Hertfordshire in England. But while the ability to develop strategies for coping with the numerous tasks in everyday life could give women an advantage, 'nobody can juggle two, never mind three, "complex" tasks at the same time.'
E
However, David Strayer's research uncovered that some rare people possess extraordinary multi-tasking ability. These so-called 'super-taskers' exhibit different patterns of brain activity when multi-tasking compared to ordinary people: they show less activity in the prefrontal cortex during multi-tasking, suggesting their brains are functioning with a high level of efficiency. Strayer thinks that pilots of high-performance aircraft, high-end chefs who can cook several meals at the same time to perfection, and elite doctors in hospital emergency rooms might all be more likely to be super-taskers. "All other things being equal, we suspect that super-taskers will rise to a top position in any occupation that places a high demand on juggling various tasks that demand M. attention at the same time.'
F
The ability to multi-task probably comes down to the DNA you inherit from your parents to a large extent, says Strayer. 'You are either born with the neural structure that allows you to overcome the usual multi-tasking challenges, or you aren't. Super-taskers' brains are doing something we can't do.' All in all, these findings may have very real consequences on our lives.
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答案：real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
原文定位：Unless you are one of the three percent;your brain isn't capable of paying close attention to more than one complex task at a time;effective multi-tasking is beyond most of us;multi-tasking as ‘a mythical activity
同义替换：「real」↔「effective」，「nearly impossible」↔「isn’t capable」
答案：a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
原文定位：It is true that you can check your email while eating;But innate activities like walking;do not require you to pay attention, whereas activities such as reading;do require attention;The brain can perform simultaneous tasks but attention has capacity limitations
同义替换：「distinction」↔「whereas」
答案：the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things
原文定位：The prefrontal cortex is the brain region responsible for choosing what to pay attention to;When people attempt to perform two things at once, the sides work independently;We might be in great trouble when we try to juggle more than two tasks, simply because we have only two frontal lobes
同义替换：「neurological reasons」↔「prefrontal cortex」，「struggling to manage more things」↔「in great trouble」
答案：multi-tasking and gender
原文定位：To the question of whether there is a difference between the sexes;women are superior multi-taskers;Women have a much better strategy;whereas men tend to
同义替换：「gender」↔「sexes」
答案：professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
原文定位：David Strayer's research uncovered that some rare people possess extraordinary multi-tasking ability. These so-called super-taskers;Strayer thinks that pilots of high-performance aircraft, high-end chefs;and elite doctors;might all be more likely to be super-taskers;we suspect that super-taskers will rise to a top position in any occupation
同义替换：「Professions」↔「occupation」，「likely to be found」↔「more likely to be」
答案：the ability to multi-task is determined by people's genes
原文定位：The ability to multi-task probably comes down to the DNA you inherit from your parents to a large extent;You are either born with the neural structure that allows you to overcome the usual multi-tasking challenges
同义替换：「determined」↔「born with」，「genes」↔「inherit from parents」
答案：David Strayer
原文定位：These so;called 'super-taskers' exhibit different patterns of brain activity when multi;tasking compared to ordinary people;
同义替换：「works」↔「brain activity」
答案：David Strayer
原文定位：Strayer's research shows that performance deteriorates drastically when attention is split between tasks. more mistakes are made and it takes longer to complete each activity
同义替换：「rate of error is considerably higher」↔「more mistakes are made」，「when people multi-task」↔「attention is split between tasks」
答案：Edward M Hallowell
原文定位：Psychiatrist Edward M Hallowell even describes multi-tasking as 'a mythical activity in which people believe they can perform two or more tasks simultaneously as effectively as they can perform one
同义替换：「people are mistaken」↔「mythical activity」，「assumption」↔「believe」
答案：Keith Laws
原文定位：Women have a much better strategy for finding the keys, whereas men tend to jump to it and be far less organised and thorough. "It's as if they don't stop to reflect and plan for a moment,' says Professor Keith Laws from the University of Hertfordshire in England
同义替换：「one gender」↔「men」，「does not seem to pause」↔「don't stop」，「consider before taking action」↔「reflect and plan」
答案：position
原文定位：we suspect that super-taskers will rise to a top position in any occupation that places a high demand on juggling various tasks
同义替换：「achieve」↔「rise to」，「high on the career ladder」↔「top position」
答案：attention
原文定位：any occupation that places a high demand on juggling various tasks that demand M. attention at the same time
同义替换：「need」↔「demand」，「many tasks simultaneously」↔「juggling various tasks」
答案：structure
原文定位：You are either born with the neural structure that allows you to overcome the usual multi-tasking challenges, or you aren't. Super-taskers' brains are doing something we can't do
同义替换：「special brain」↔「neural」，「helps them do what we cannot」↔「allows you to overcome」