The music of Salvatore Sciarrino

文章大意

介绍意大利现代古典作曲家萨瓦托雷·夏里诺的生平与音乐风格：1947年生于巴勒莫，主要自学成才，后赴罗马学习电子音乐；作品大量运用静默、极弱音量和非常规演奏技法，被视为新声音的先锋，他本人把音乐比作远观的火山。

题目与答案

1. The Music of Salvatore Sciarrino

   Biographical details

   · He was born in Palermo in 1947

   · He moved to Rome in 1969 and took a course in electronic music, which influenced his style as a composer.

   Work

   · In the 1970s he composed a lot of music taught until 1982.

   · As well as music, he has written many 31_____

   答案：essays

   原文定位：Apart from composing music and teaching, he has also produced a large number of essays on a range of topics, such as the philosophy behind his work and musical form

   同义替换：「written many」↔「produced a large number of」

2. · He has won many awards - including one in 2011 for 32_____ in music.

   答案：originality

   原文定位：Throughout his career, he has won numerous prestigious awards, most notably a major prize in twenty eleven, which recognized his musical originality

   同义替换：「many」↔「numerous」

3. Musical characteristics

   · Surprisingly, his music often features 33_____ and very soft sounds.

   答案：silence

   原文定位：The first thing that many listeners will notice about Sciarrino's music is the frequent use of silence. What is also striking about his music is his preference for extremely soft sounds that are sometimes at such a low volume that they can hardly be heard

   同义替换：「often」↔「frequent」，「very」↔「extremely」

4. His music uses unusual instrument techniques, e.g. violins often produce sounds which resemble those found in 34_____ .

   答案：nature

   原文定位：The other unusual aspect of his music is that he frequently requires musicians to play their instruments in unconventional ways so that, for example, a violin may end up sounding very strange and creating sounds we generally associate with nature

   同义替换：「unusual instrument techniques」↔「play their instruments in unconventional ways」，「produce」↔「creating」，「resemble those found in」↔「associate with」

5. · He is seen as a 35_____ of music.

   答案：pioneer

   原文定位：Actually, his novel instrumental techniques have often been imitated by other composers. As a result, he's widely regarded as a pioneer in terms of creating new sounds

   同义替换：「is seen as」↔「is widely regarded as」

6. · Sciarrino compares his music to a distant 36_____ .

   答案：volcano

   原文定位：It may sound strange, but Sciarrino himself has likened his music to a volcano viewed from afar

   同义替换：「compares」↔「likened」，「a distant 」↔「viewed from afar」

7. Concert piece

   · for piano, chorus and orchestra

   · finished in 1979 and written in memory of a 37_____ .

   答案：friend

   原文定位：The work is dedicated to a friend who died unexpectedly, so it was written as a kind of memorial

8. · very difficult to play

   · starts with a noise that sounds like 38_____ ,

   答案：thunder

   原文定位：The piece opens with a low sound of great complexity that is similar to thunder

   同义替换：「starts」↔「opens」，「like」↔「similar to」

9. produced by two people moving large pieces of 39_____

   答案：metal

   原文定位：The sound, by the way, is created by large vibrating sheets of metal, which are slowly manipulated by two percussionists

   同义替换：「produced」↔「created」，「moving」↔「slowly manipulated」，「pieces of」↔「sheets of」

10. · although the music is unusual, it has a traditional 40_____

    答案：structure

    原文定位：Even though the piece will be for many people very unusual in terms of the sounds it creates, it actually has a very conventional structure, which is just another surprising aspect of Sciarrino's work

    同义替换：「traditional」↔「conventional」