New approaches to education in New Zealand

文章大意

讲座探讨21世纪如何教育孩子，以新西兰学校实验新方法为背景。学者Paul Stanley博士批评传统学校过度重视学历而忽视情感与创造力，主张课程表和大纲应由社区自主管理。人类学家Robert Finley发现学校超过150人易分裂竞争，小型学校更有利。还介绍了Russell School等两所学校的课堂组织实验。

题目与答案

1. New Approaches to Education in New Zealand

   Background

   • Dr. Paul Stanley believes schools put too much emphasis on getting a 31_____

   答案：qualification

   原文定位：Instead, it's all about working to obtain a qualification, which is a mistake in his view, and this is an idea that's supported by a number of educationalists

   同义替换：「put too much emphasis on」↔「it's all about working to obtain」

2. • Dr. Stanley's report concludes that the 32_____ should have less influence.

   答案：government

   原文定位：He argues that day-to-day school timetables, the teaching syllabus and so on, are over-regulated by the government when in fact these things should be organized locally at a community level because every school is different

   同义替换：「concludes」↔「argues」，「should have less influence」↔「are over-regulated by」

3. Over schools

   • international studies suggest that 33_____ in particular need a new type of school.

   答案：boys

   原文定位：A new type of school, researchers argue, would have advantages, not for all children perhaps, but the boys especially would benefit because they're the ones who fail most often in current schools

   同义替换：「international studies」↔「researchers argue」，「in particular」↔「especially」

4. • Robert Finlay argues that the children in 34_____ schools are happier.

   答案：small

   原文定位：Finley's research has found that if there are more than, say, a hundred and fifty students in a school, they'll usually divide into competing groups, and this tends to make people less happy. So he believes that schools which are small have a better chance of avoiding this problem

   同义替换：「argues」↔「believes」，「happier」↔「have a better chance of avoiding this problem」

5. Russell School

   • lessons are organized more like a 35_____

   答案：meeting

   原文定位：Classrooms aren't set up like a lecture, you know, with the teacher in front talking to the group. Instead, everyone sits around a table similar to a meeting, and the teacher helps guide the students

   同义替换：「lessons are organized」↔「Classrooms aren't set up」，「more like」↔「similar to」

6. • one student explored his interest in music by setting up a 36_____

   答案：business

   原文定位：For example, one student was passionate about music, so the teacher asked him to record some music and then go about selling it to the public. In other words, establish his own business as part of classwork

   同义替换：「explored his interest in」↔「was passionate about」，「setting up」↔「establish」

7. • students visit a local 37_____ to help plan for the future.

   答案：university

   原文定位：Another idea at Russell School is to encourage students to plan for the future;part of that process involves spending class time at the nearby university because this is a good way of getting them thinking about what comes after school

   同义替换：「local」↔「nearby」，「help」↔「encourage」

8. South College

   • every student is given breakfast when they arrive at school.

   • there is an important role for parents, especially in developing children's 38_____ skills.

   答案：reading

   原文定位：Research has shown that this is particularly true of reading, so for some students, having a parent to supervise them in class is enough

   同义替换：「an important role for parents」↔「parent to supervise them in class」

9. • it is surprising that the 39_____ of students in one class can be different.

   答案：age

   原文定位：In the same class, the students aren't all necessarily the same age. They're sometimes different, and they seem to make just as much progress

   同义替换：「can be different」↔「aren't all necessarily the same」

10. Conclusions

    • most students surveyed believe they are better at 40_____

    • the students' positive attitudes may be transferred to their employment.

    答案：relationships

    原文定位：A number of surveys have been done to try to answer this question, and one thing most students agree on is that at these schools, they've learned how to have more successful relationships with each other, with teachers, and with their own families

    同义替换：「better」↔「more successful」