雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
良好育儿：婴儿睡眠训练三大流派之争
本篇也叫：良好育儿、育儿方法、婴儿睡眠训练、哭声免疫法、亲密育儿法、睡眠训练法
Part 2 · 考频：超高频 · 最近考试：2025.8.23
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 2）《Good parenting》，共 12 题，2025.8.23雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章讨论育儿中的婴儿睡眠问题，围绕宝宝夜间哭闹该不该抱，介绍了三种育儿流派：亲密育儿法（威廉·西尔斯提出，强调及时回应婴儿哭声）、哭声免疫法（即灭绝法，让婴儿哭到自行入睡）以及渐进式哭声免疫法，并提及鲍尔比、霍尔特等研究者的观点。
A
Raising a baby may, at first, appear to be a highly personal, intimate affair between child and caregiver. In fact, there are often very public battles over every facet of child care, however: Breastfeeding or bottle-feeding? Breastfeeding in public? Toilet training - when and how? Nothing escapes judgment or scrutiny. Restlessness and crying at bedtime are no different, and three different schools of thought have emerged around how parents should respond to this problem. These have been called extinction, attachment parenting, and graduated extinction.
B
Attachment parenting, a term coined by pediatrician William Sears, suggests that children form powerful emotional bonds with caregivers during early childhood that have implications for their development through life. The basis for this theory was generated within the field of developmental psychology during the 1950s when researcher John Bowlby proposed that maternal deprivation during infancy could decrease a person's ability to form healthy adult relationships years later. Attachment parenting seeks to avoid this tendency by placing great importance on childhood bonding through the caregiver's holding and cuddling of her baby when he is upset. Attachment parenting also suggests that babies’ ability to communicate their requirements is limited to crying and that parents need to learn to understand different types of crying signals. No crying is considered superfluous - even if the baby merely wants to be comforted rather than fall asleep - caregivers are encouraged to affirm these desires.
C
The extinction method proposes that, so long as a baby has had adequate calorie intake during the day, he or she can reasonably be expected to maintain nocturnal somnolence. The core postulates of this approach were laid down by Emmett Holt but they have been extrapolated upon by authors such as Warwick Reilly and further adapted recently by Melinda Collins to form the extinction method of today. Caregivers are encouraged to develop a gentle evening routine that involves feeding 45 minutes before bed, bathing, dressing and laying the baby in his sleeping sack, walking out and closing the door, and remaining out of the child's presence until dawn even if he cries for extended periods of time. It is expected that sooner or later children will realize that crying is ineffective and that they must learn to comfort themselves into slumber.
D
Graduated extinction is a modulated version of the extinction method. It postulates that a process of learning needs to be undertaken in order for children to sleep through the night. Richard Ferber, the doctor who popularized this method in the 1980s, emphasized the progressive withdrawal of the caregiver's company with the child in bed as a way to solve infant sleep problems. At first, for example, the caregiver is encouraged to hold and caress the baby until he or she is asleep. Once this routine is established, the caregiver should lie down next to the baby but touch it less and less until the baby can sleep without contact. Eventually, the caregiver can sit on a chair nearby, and finally, it is hoped that he or she can retreat from the room altogether. The key to this approach is that the caregiver must never capitulate to a child's demands for comfort if he starts to become restless or vocal as the method unfolds over time.
E
Doing so is said to let the baby know that he does not need to learn to sleep through the night without comfort or interaction, and also to lessen the chances that the caregiver will complete the program, knowing that a ‘quick fix' is available. Ferber has since altered his stance to acknowledge the acceptability of co-sleeping and suggests that there is no single method or golden rule for overcoming sleep difficulties.
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答案：pediatrician
原文定位：Attachment parenting, a term coined by pediatrician William Sears
同义替换：「invented」↔「coined」
答案：developmental psychology
原文定位：The basis for this theory was generated within the field of developmental psychology during the 1950s
同义替换：「principles」↔「basis」，「derived from」↔「generated within」，「discipline」↔「field」
答案：Emmett Holt
原文定位：The core postulates of this approach were laid down by Emmett Holt
同义替换：「key points」↔「core postulates」，「originated from」↔「laid down by」
答案：co-sleeping
原文定位：Ferber has since altered his stance to acknowledge the acceptability of co-sleeping
同义替换：「all right」↔「acceptability」
答案：extinction
原文定位：develop a gentle evening routine;remaining out of the child's presence until dawn even if he cries
同义替换：「strict bedtime schedule」↔「evening routine」，「unattended till morning」↔「until dawn」
答案：attachment parenting
原文定位：No crying is considered superfluous - even if the baby merely wants to be comforted rather than fall asleep - caregivers are encouraged to affirm these desires
同义替换：「All」↔「every」，「important needs」↔「desires」
答案：graduated extinction
原文定位：At first, for example, the caregiver is encouraged to hold and caress the baby until he or she is asleep. Once this routine is established, the caregiver should lie down next to the baby but touch it less and less until the baby can sleep without contact
同义替换：「presence decrease over time」↔「touch less and less」
答案：attachment parenting
原文定位：Attachment parenting seeks to avoid this tendency by placing great importance on childhood bonding through the caregiver's holding and cuddling of her baby when he is upset
同义替换：「physical closeness」↔「holding and cuddling」
答案：extinction
原文定位：The extinction method proposes that, so long as a baby has had adequate calorie intake during the day, he or she can reasonably be expected to maintain nocturnal somnolence
同义替换：「Well-fed」↔「adequate calorie intake」，「sleep through the night」↔「nocturnal somnolence」
答案：every demand|||proof
原文定位：No crying is considered superfluous - even if the baby merely wants to be comforted rather than fall asleep - caregivers are encouraged to affirm these desires
同义替换：「give in to」↔「affirm」，「desires」↔「demand」
答案：well-fed|||emotional problems
原文定位：so long as a baby has had adequate calorie intake during the day;maternal deprivation during infancy could decrease a person's ability to form healthy adult relationships years later
同义替换：「despair & unhappiness」↔「emotional problems」，「later in life」↔「years later」
答案：vociferous attacks
原文定位：Graduated extinction is a modulated version of the extinction method. It postulates that a process of learning needs to be undertaken in order for children to sleep through the night
同义替换：「central position」↔「modulated version」