Cape Breton mining in Canada

文章大意

本文介绍加拿大新斯科舍省布雷顿角岛的煤矿开采历史与技术发展。从18世纪20年代法国殖民时期的手工采煤讲起，到运输方式从马拉车到铁路的演变，以及季节性劳动力涌入、人口迁移和矿业城镇扩张，最终在20世纪初供应全国约40%的煤炭。

题目与答案

1. Early Beginnings and Population Changes

   · Mining activity began in the 1720s, when settlers started to extract coal.

   · Workers managed to move the first coal from the 31_____ .

   答案：crops

   原文定位：In fact, the earliest coal was moved by hand from the base of the cliffs along the island's coast

   同义替换：「first」↔「earliest」

2. · If production was to increase, it depended on the development of the 32_____ system.

   答案：transport

   原文定位：For production to grow, Cape Breton needed a well-organized transport network

   同义替换：「increase」↔「grow」，「development」↔「well-organized」，「system」↔「network」

3. · More people came to work in the mines every year from the 33_____ .

   答案：spring

   原文定位：Every year, particularly in spring, new groups of laborers would arrive to take advantage of seasonal jobs

   同义替换：「More people came to work in」↔「new groups of laborers would arrive」

4. · The population was reduced in 34_____ .

   答案：rural

   原文定位：Villages near the mines grew, while the population in more rural regions started to decline

   同义替换：「reduced」↔「decline」

5. Growth of the Industry and Immigration

   · Coal production gradually increased throughout the 19th century.

   · Eventually, the booming mine accounted for 35_____ of Canada`s coal supply.

   答案：40%

   原文定位：At its peak, the island was supplying around 40% of all coal used in Canada

   同义替换：「accounted for」↔「was supplying」

6. · A wide range of nationalities were represented in the workforce.

   · Around 1800, most miners were from 36_____, with others from Italy and other European countries.

   答案：Scotland

   原文定位：Most of the early migrants came from Scotland, particularly from mining towns in the central and western regions

7. | Items | Description | Advantages |

   | Grease torch | made by burning animal fat on a stick | Provided minimal light but was dangerous and smoky |

   | A 37_____ in holder | A simple open flame source placed in a holder near work areas | Easy to use but increased risk of fire underground |

   | Davy Lamp | A flame lamp with a fitted link secured by a 38_____ to control air flow | Helped reduce the number of underground 39_____ |

   | Carblde Lamps | Contained special material that, when mixed with 40_____, produced bright light | Created a strong yellow-white flame called acetylene |

   答案：candle|||lock|||accidents|||water

   原文定位：A slightly improved version was to mount a candle in a metal or clay holder. These holders were usually attached to the timber supports inside the tunnels;This device had a flame enclosed in mesh and featured a fitted link sealed by a lock;Because of this innovation, the number of accidents, such as explosions or fires, dropped significantly across many mining sites;These worked by combining calcium carbide with water, which created acetylene gas