Graphical symbol

文章大意

讲座介绍图形符号：从埃及圣书体、中国古代象形文字到非洲、美洲、大洋洲的图画文字，说明图画与表意符号如何发展为文字系统，并谈到罗塞塔石碑的发现与商博良的破译，以及摄影术的发明。

题目与答案

1. Graphical symbol

   · includes the logographs in Egyptian hieroglyphic writing and ancient Chinese pictograms

   · found in Africa, the Americas and Oceania

   · still has something to do with 31_____ use today.

   答案：commercial

   原文定位：Pictographs remain in common commercial use today as signs, instructions, or statistical diagrams

   同义替换：「still has something to do with」↔「remain in common」

2. Ancient graphic writing systems

   · Researchers obtain a wide range of 32_____ about past civilizations.

   答案：knowledge

   原文定位：Ancient graphic writing systems provide researchers with a wealth of knowledge about past civilizations

   同义替换：「obtain」↔「provide」，「a wide range of」↔「a wealth of」

3. · Rosetta Stone was found in 1799 when members of Napoleon`s expedition got to Egypt.

   · Frenchman, Jean-Francois Champollion determined the phonetic values of the symbols in 1822.

   · In those symbols, 33_____ are used to depict various meanings.

   答案：lines

   原文定位：In many of these symbols, lines are used to portray a multitude of meanings and knowledge and understanding of these lines holds the key to comprehension of graphic writing systems

   同义替换：「depict」↔「portray」，「various」↔「multitude」

4. Camera obscura

   · 34_____ helps understand history better.

   答案：Photography

   原文定位：Photography, as it was later known, enables researchers to piece together and better understand history

   同义替换：「helps」↔「enables」

5. · Some charities will 35_____ many endangered species.

   答案：advertise

   原文定位：For example, animal welfare charities are increasingly using photography to advertise animals that are at high risk of endangerment

   同义替换：「endangered species」↔「animals that are at high risk of endangerment」

6. · A camera was tied to one 36_____ of a bird.

   答案：foot

   原文定位：One recent high-profile campaign was undertaken by attaching a camera to the foot of a bird in order to obtain photographs of the animals in their natural habitats

   同义替换：「tied to」↔「attaching」

7. More 37_____ will be included in the future with the development of photography.

   答案：objects

   原文定位：As photography continues to progress with the use of drones now becoming somewhat commonplace, we should expect more and more objects to be included in the future, expanding the horizon of photography ever further

   同义替换：「the development of」↔「continues to progress」

8. Companies would like to invest a lot to advertise in 38_____ .

   答案：newspapers

   原文定位：companies are now willing to devote a large portion of their budgets to advertising in newspapers

   同义替换：「invest a lot」↔「devote a large portion of their budgets」

9. Designing appealing 39_____ is used as a way of effective branding.

   答案：packaging

   原文定位：As a result, much time and money has been pumped into the development of effective branding, with attractive packaging playing a large role in this

   同义替换：「appealing」↔「attractive」

10. Graphic writing systems are of great importance in the subject of 40_____ .

    答案：maths

    原文定位：Finally, one must not forget the fundamental role that graphic writing systems have had to play in mathematics

    同义替换：「are of great importance」↔「fundamental role」，「mathematics」↔「maths」