The Patagon people of South America

文章大意

讲座介绍约六百年前繁盛于南美南端的巴塔哥尼亚文明。考古学家通过一件原驼毛皮大衣了解这个失落文化：制作一件大衣需多达十三只幼年原驼，男性负责猎杀原驼，女性负责缝制，用特制石刮刀处理皮子并涂上红黄绿颜料。西班牙人到来后，制衣工艺发生剧变。

题目与答案

1. The Patagon People of South America

   Clothing

   ·One type of coat is culturally important.

   ·Young guanaco were used to make the coats because of their 31_____ skin.

   答案：soft

   原文定位：Young animals were preferred as their skin was soft, which made it easy to work with

   同义替换：「guanaco」↔「animals」，「were used to」↔「preferred for」

2. ·Men hunted the guanaco.

   ·Women sewed the skins together into coats.

   ·Scrapers made from 32_____ are today displayed in museums.

   答案：stone

   原文定位：Several examples of the scrapers may still be seen today in various museums in the region. They were constructed from specially sharpened stone, so have survived remarkably well

   同义替换：「made」↔「constructed」，「displayed in」↔「be seen」

3. ·Colours from natural 33_____ were used.

   答案：minerals

   原文定位：The colors themselves occurred naturally in minerals that were dug up from the ground and processed, usually by mixing with water

   同义替换：「were used」↔「processed」

4. The arrival of the Spanish

   ·More guanaco were caught because of the use of the 34_____ for hunting.

   答案：horse

   原文定位：Many more guanaco were hunted after the introduction of the horse to the region, which made the Patagon people more mobile

   同义替换：「caught」↔「hunted」，「use」↔「introduction」

5. ·Coats played a 35_____ role rather than just being for personal use.

   答案：commercial

   原文定位：so that while in the past guanaco had only been hunted to meet subsistence needs, now the coats were increasingly part of the commercial process

6. ·New materials such as 36_____ improved the scraping process.

   答案：glass

   原文定位：Most important for coat making, the old scrapers used for cleaning the skins were replaced with new ones made from glass, and this was more effective and easier to keep sharp

   同义替换：「improved」↔「more effective」，「scraping process」↔「clean the skins」

7. Conclusions

   ·Coat designs date from pre-historic times – similar designs are found inside 37_____ .

   答案：caves

   原文定位：We are able to say this with some confidence because very similar designs have been found in examples of art painted on the rock walls of caves that have very ancient origins

   同义替换：「pre-historic times」↔「very ancient origins」

8. ·Coat designs may have been a link with people's 38_____ .

   答案：ancestors

   原文定位：One possibility is that the designs may have represented a way of connecting with ancestors from previous times, and this is certainly an idea that deserves further investigation

   同义替换：「link」↔「connecting」

9. ·Large Patagon settlements were not built on the 39_____ .

   答案：coast

   原文定位：it seems unlikely that these were constructed around the coast, but rather in parts of the interior

   同义替换：「were not built on」↔「unlikely constructed around」

10. ·Shepherds still make 40_____ using similar techniques.

    答案：blankets

    原文定位：But Patagon shepherds today do still employ some of the same techniques to make blankets in the winter months, though there is no painting or design work involved

    同义替换：「similar」↔「same」