Wind farms and birds

文章大意

讲座讨论风力发电场对鸟类的危害：风机叶片会使飞鸟受伤，尤其易聚集、迁徙或低飞的物种风险最高。研究以秃鹫为例，发现强风时秃鹫飞得更低、更易撞上风机，建议安装固定摄像头监控并必要时关停风机；另一项调查关注多种鸟类的夜间习性。

题目与答案

1. 31 The speaker says he is going to report on
   • his own research
   • the research of wildlife experts
   • research carried out by the government

   答案：the research of wildlife experts

   原文定位：So wildlife experts have been doing a number of studies recently trying to monitor the effects of wind farms on bird populations and suggest solutions. And that's what I'm going to look at today

   同义替换：「research」↔「studies」

2. 32 Wind turbine farms are most dangerous to birds which
   • live in coastal regions
   • gather in large flocks
   • feed on fish and other sea food

   答案：gather in large flocks

   原文定位：It has been established that the species in greatest danger from the turbines are those which, irrespective of their feeding or patterns of migration, collect together in significant numbers, either on the coast or inland

   同义替换：「most dangerous」↔「in greatest danger」，「gather」↔「collect together」，「large flocks」↔「significant numbers」

3. 33 The speaker implies that wind farms should be sited
   • in gaps between hills
   • along sea coasts
   • on higher ground

   答案：on higher ground

   原文定位：So in my opinion, efforts should be made to site new wind farms responsibly, and that means avoiding low-lying areas and narrow valleys between mountains or hills

   同义替换：「higher ground」↔「low-lying」

4. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34_____ | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35.....| Use a fixed 36..... to monitor bird activity |

   | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37..... | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38..... | Develop new 39..... systems Produce 40..... models for use |

   答案：cloud

   原文定位：One of the weather features they were looking at was wind speed. But as well as that, another thing they considered to do with the weather was the amount of cloud

   同义替换：「quantity」↔「amount」

5. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34..... | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35_____| Use a fixed 36..... to monitor bird activity |

   | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37..... | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38..... | Develop new 39..... systems Produce 40..... models for use |

   答案：danger

   原文定位：Now, what emerged from this study was that these vultures tend to fly lower at times when the wind is very strong. And of course, this means that more birds are in danger of flying straight into the turbines

6. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34..... | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35.....| Use a fixed 36_____ to monitor bird activity |

   | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37..... | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38..... | Develop new 39..... systems Produce 40..... models for use |

   答案：camera

   原文定位：Now, the project team suggests that to deal with this problem, a fixed camera should be set up to film any birds in flight near the turbines, so that if necessary, the turbines can be switched off

   同义替换：「monitor」↔「camera」

7. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34..... | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35.....| Use a fixed 36..... to monitor bird activity |

   | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37_____ | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38..... | Develop new 39..... systems Produce 40..... models for use |

   答案：airports

   原文定位：This study actually had a slightly wider scope. It looked at risks to these birds near other installations, not just wind farms. These were mainly airports, which for obvious reasons, tend to cause problems for birds

8. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34..... | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35.....| Use a fixed 36..... to monitor bird activity |

   | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37..... | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38_____ | Develop new 39..... systems Produce 40..... models for use |

   答案：reliable

   原文定位：In the past, the most usual means of tracking the movements of birds at night were radar and thermal imaging. Now, the problem was that these methods were expensive because someone had to control the devices all through the night. And in addition to this, they weren't really reliable. So the researchers looked for an alternative that didn't need human intervention. And what they proposed as a priority was to create alarm systems that switch on whenever a bird passes a certain point, alerting monitors so that action can be taken

   同义替换：「Previous」↔「in the past」，「methods」↔「means」，「not very reliable」↔「weren't really reliable」

9. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34..... | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35.....| Use a fixed 36..... to monitor bird activity |

   | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37..... | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38..... | Develop new 39_____ systems Produce 40..... models for use |

   答案：alarm

   原文定位：And what they proposed as a priority was to create alarm systems that switch on whenever a bird passes a certain point, alerting monitors so that action can be taken

   同义替换：「develop new」↔「create」

10. | Study | Main focus | Problems | Proposed solutions |

    | --- | --- | --- | --- |

    | Vulture Study | Connection between how high they fly and weather conditions: quantity of 34..... | Vultures fly lower in strong winds, so are in more 35.....| Use a fixed 36..... to monitor bird activity |

    | Nocturnal Bird Survey | Bird movements at night, particularly near: - wind farm; 37..... | Previous tracking methods not practical because they were not very 38..... | Develop new 39..... systems Produce 40_____ models for use |

    答案：computer

    原文定位：And what they proposed as a priority was to create alarm systems that switch on whenever a bird passes a certain point, alerting monitors so that action can be taken

    同义替换：「Proposed solutions」↔「the suggestions put forward」