雅思阅读真题（Part 3）
人文科学与健康专业教育
本篇也叫：人文与健康专业、医学人文、人文社科与医生培养、健康专业的人文教育、人文与医学教育、医生的人文素养
Part 3 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2023.1.10
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 3）《Humanities and the Health Professional》，共 14 题，2023.1.10雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章讨论人文科学在健康专业教育中的作用。加拿大达尔豪斯医学院的Jock Murray教授主张，医学教育应在临床技能与人文素养之间取得平衡，通过文学、历史、诗歌、艺术等培养医生对患者文化背景与人类境况的理解，造就全面发展的健康专业人员。
A
Professor jock Murray from Dalhousie Medical School in Canada writes about the role of humanities in the education of health professionals. In a recent meeting with health professionals from many disciplines, the concept of the humanities and how they enrich the lives and practice of physicians was discussed. There were nurses, chiropractors, speech therapists, health administrators and professionals from a dozen other fields. Everyone commented on the need to achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise of their specific discipline, beginning with the experience in medical school and then life in their chosen specialization, to create fully realized professionals. The purpose of my discussion here is to advocate a balanced approach to the education of all health professionals.
B
I believe that most people wish to see in their medical professional a person who not only brings excellent skills, techniques and treatments, but also personal qualities that show they are fully developed individuals. Such individuals are sensitive, communicative, and understanding of the human condition.They acknowledge the vast array of backgrounds, views, fears and hopes each person brings to the clinical encounter.
C
The training of health professionals has usually been exemplary in teaching them to recognize and treat a symptom or disease, but often less attentive to the broad education that would inform and educate them about the persons who come from various cultures, backgrounds, and experiences. Such understanding does not come from the course textbooks but from literature, history, poetry,art, and other aspects of the humanities.
D
There are two sides to the healing profession, once described as the art and the science of medical practice. It is evident, however, that most educational programs emphasize knowledge, clinical skill and competence, and although educators wish the person to be humanistic, empathetic and communicative, they take this aspect for granted, as if valuable educational time does not need to be allocated to this 'soft' feature of the profession. It is compounded by the recognition that this aspect is harder to define and measure than knowledge and competence. We may want the health professional to understand many elements of the human condition so they can understand, assess and manage the suffering of patients, but it is harder to design and teach such a course than one on anatomy, for example. Developing a humanities program in professional education refocuses attention on what everyone recognizes as important. Rather than take humanities education for granted, it becomes a direct part of the program. This signals that the school takes it seriously and encourages activities related to the broad area of the humanities.
E
Distinguished by their focus on human values, the humanities cover many areas, including history, ethics, literature, theology, art, music, law, and the social sciences as they apply to the profession. For example, a history of the profession gives us an understanding of how we have come to be where we are, and how things change and progress. Literature can teach us about human hopes and aspirations, suffering and loss, relationships, and life and death.Emphasis on human values is important in this day and age as we are increasingly at risk of being overwhelmed by more emotionless technology and complex bureaucracy.
F
In medical education during the 18th and 19th centuries, there was an emphasis on the humanities.As time went on, encouraged by increasing interest in medical sciences, laboratory experiments and technological aspects of the profession, emphasis in medical studies was weighted towards courses in the sciences. The Flexner Report in 1910 recognized the variable quality of medical education and the need to have better teaching in the medical sciences and laboratory methods. This resulted in apendulum swing in emphasis, directing the curriculum to the medical sciences, to the exclusion of the humanities, an imbalance never intended by Flexner.
G
Currently at Dalhousie Medical School we have elective programs in the humanities, summer research studentships, lecture series,presentations and discussions. There is an artist- in-residence program that brings artists to the school. There is a large choir of over a hundred students and faculty, a concert band, a string ensemble, and groups of student artists who put on regular performances and exhibitions. The list of activities is much longer, but it should be pointed out that these provide some balance and broaden the life and learning of the student.
H
Perhaps more important than the activities themselves is the change in mind-set that occurs when students see that diversity in their studies and activities is legitimized and encouraged. We emphasize that we want students and faculty to continue to express interests and talents they had before entering medical school. They now come forward with ideas and activities that are more imaginative and exciting than we could have designed. They also comment that the humanities has made medical school a more enjoyable and fulfilling experience. Students see that their learning and their lives can be more balanced, making them better equipped to care for their patients.
I
Will involvement in the humanities make one a better health professional? It's a question often asked of today's medical professionals but very difficult to document in this evidence-based era of medicine, But as ethics scholars have said of learning ethics, it cannot guarantee that a person will be more ethical, but it is more likely than not. My firm belief is that all the healing professions should increase the balance of humanities with the traditional educational emphasis on skills and knowledge, and this will benefit both the healers and those who need to be healed.
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答案：NO
原文定位：There were nurses, chiropractors, speech therapists, health administrators and professionals from a dozen other fields. Everyone commented on the need to achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise of their specific discipline;The purpose of my discussion here is to advocate a balanced approach to the education of all health professionals
同义替换：「An approach that incorporates the humanities」↔「a balanced approach to the education」，「more important for some medical disciplines than others」↔「all health professionals」
答案：NO
原文定位：I believe that most people wish to see in their medical professional a person who not only brings excellent skills, techniques and treatments, but also personal qualities that show they are fully developed individuals. Such individuals are sensitive, communicative, and understanding of the human condition
同义替换：「medical expertise」↔「excellent skills」，「sensitivity」↔「understanding」
答案：YES
原文定位：It is evident, however, that most educational programs emphasize knowledge, clinical skill and competence, and although educators wish the person to be humanistic, empathetic and communicative, they take this aspect for granted, as if valuable educational time does not need to be allocated to this 'soft' feature of the profession
同义替换：「devote little course time」↔「does not need to be allocated valuable educational time」，「developing interpersonal skills」↔「empathetic and communicative」
答案：YES
原文定位：We may want the health professional to understand many elements of the human condition so they can understand, assess and manage the suffering of patients, but it is harder to design and teach such a course than one on anatomy, for example
同义替换：「more difficult to」↔「harder to」
答案：NOT GIVEN
原文定位：Distinguished by their focus on human values, the humanities cover many areas, including history, ethics, literature, theology, art, music, law, and the social sciences as they apply to the profession. For example, a history of the profession gives us an understanding of how we have come to be where we are, and how things change and progress
答案：It moved the focus of medical studies away from the humanities.
原文定位：This resulted in a pendulum swing in emphasis, directing the curriculum to the medical sciences, to the exclusion of the humanities, an imbalance never intended by Flexner
同义替换：「moved the focus away from the humanities」↔「directing the curriculum to the medical sciences, to the exclusion of the humanities」
答案：widen students' educational experiences.
原文定位：The list of activities is much longer, but it should be pointed out that these provide some balance and broaden the life and learning of the student
同义替换：「show how these activities」↔「it should be pointed out that」，「widen students' educational experiences」↔「broaden the life and learning of the student」
答案：They report feeling that medical school has become more engaging and satisfying.
原文定位：They also comment that the humanities has made medical school a more enjoyable and fulfilling experience
同义替换：「react to」↔「comment」，「more engaging and satisfying」↔「more enjoyable and fulfilling」
答案：Greater emphasis on humanities in medical schools will benefit both patients and practitioners.
原文定位：My firm belief is that all the healing professions should increase the balance of humanities with the traditional educational emphasis on skills and knowledge, and this will benefit both the healers and those who need to be healed
同义替换：「main conclusion」↔「My firm belief is that」，「Greater emphasis on humanities」↔「increase the balance of humanities」，「will benefit both patients and practitioners」↔「benefit both the healers and those who need to be healed」
答案：provide more equal coverage of both medical knowledge and skills, and humanities.
原文定位：Everyone commented on the need to achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise of their specific discipline;The purpose of my discussion here is to advocate a balanced approach to the education of all health professionals
同义替换：「seminar」↔「meeting」，「provide more equal coverage of both medical knowledge and skills, and humanities」↔「achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise」
答案：give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.
原文定位：The training of health professionals has usually been exemplary in teaching them to recognize and treat a symptom or disease, but often less attentive to the broad education that would inform and educate them about the persons who come from various cultures, backgrounds, and experiences
同义替换：「medical training programmes」↔「The training of health professionals」，「give less attention to」↔「less attentive to」，「more to recognising and treating symptoms」↔「exemplary in teaching them to recognize and treat a symptom or disease」
答案：are difficult to describe with any precision.
原文定位：this aspect is harder to define and measure than knowledge and competence
同义替换：「are difficult to describe with any precision」↔「harder to define」
答案：generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.
原文定位：They now come forward with ideas and activities that are more imaginative and exciting than we could have designed
同义替换：「generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes」↔「come forward with ideas that are more imaginative and exciting imaginative」
答案：find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.
原文定位：Will involvement in the humanities make one a better health professional? It's a question often asked of today's medical professionals but very difficult to document in this evidence-based era of medicine
同义替换：「Modern」↔「today」，「prove statistically」↔「document」