The Berbers

文章大意

讲座介绍北非柏柏尔人的历史与生活：7世纪起以部落散居阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、利比亚和马里，12世纪遭贝都因阿拉伯人入侵后部分转向游牧，并分化出季节性游牧、完全游牧和绿洲定居务农三类群体，饲养牛羊骆驼，在干旱的萨赫勒地区以骆驼运输、用石头建房或携带帐篷为家。

题目与答案

1. · lived in various countries in North Africa

   · were driven from their home during the 12th century

   · began to lead to nomadic life, moving across

   · 31_____ and mountains

   答案：deserts

   原文定位：As a result, many Berbers left their settlements to lead a nomadic life by wandering with their animals through the deserts and across the different mountains

2. Different Berber Lifestyles

   · Some berbers, known as 32_____ nomads, moved twice a year.

   答案：seasonal

   原文定位：some became farmers, cultivating the lowlands in the winter and grazing their flocks of animals in the mountains during the summer. They are called seasonal nomads

3. · Some berbers were completely nomadic.

   · Some berbers settled by oases, producing fruit, vegetables, and 33_____ to cook with.

   答案：oil

   原文定位：A third group settled by the oases and grew fruit and vegetables like dates and eggplants, as well as making olive oil, which they used for cooking

   同义替换：「producing」↔「making」

4. · People and belongings were carried by 34_____ .

   答案：camels

   原文定位：So the Berbers relied more and more on camels for transporting their families and their goods

   同义替换：「belongings 」↔「their goods」，「carried by」↔「transporting 」

5. · Settled berbers lived in houses.

   · Nomadic berbers used tents.

   · Settled communities organized themselves by holding regular meetings in the 35_____ of the village.

   答案：square

   原文定位：the life of a settled community was governed by the men who met regularly in the village square to discuss affairs and make decisions

   同义替换：「organized themselves」↔「governed by the men」

6. The Tuaregs

   · If goatskins were unavailable, tents were made from 36_____ or palm-leaf mats.

   答案：grass

   原文定位：If the skins weren't available, they wove mats made of grass or palm leaves and hung them over a frame so that the tent looked like a humped dome

7. · Tuareg labourers were the descendants of 37_____ .

   答案：slaves

   原文定位：Tuareg society was traditionally very feudal and organized as a strict hierarchy, ranging from nobles or aristocrats downwards to laborers whose ancestors had once been slaves

   同义替换：「the descendants of」↔「whose ancestors had once been」

8. · Adult men always wore a 38_____ veil.

   答案：veil

   原文定位：Tuareg men were sometimes called blue men as all adult males wore a dark blue veil in the presence of women, strangers and in-laws

9. · Some Tuaregs moved to Burkina Faso with their 39_____ .

   答案：animals

   原文定位：Those whose animals were fortunate enough to survive have moved away from the southern Sahara into Burkina Faso in order to find new grazing lands for their herds

10. Tuaregs and Timbuktu

    · Timbuktu was settled by Tuaregs around 1000 years ago.

    · The city built wealth on the salt and gold trades.

    · Some Tuaregs now work as 40_____ for the Mallian Department of Tourism.

    答案：guides

    原文定位：The tourism department of the Mali government employs some Tuaregs who act as guides

    同义替换：「work as」↔「act as」