How Surtsey was formed

文章大意

雅思听力Part4讲座介绍冰岛南海岸的叙尔特塞岛：1963年海底火山喷发形成新岛，喷发持续三年半。之后科学家研究岛上的生态演替，包括海火箭花等首批高等植物、随风而来的昆虫、鸟类传播种子以及细菌种类数量的变化。

题目与答案

1. In 1963 the activity from an underwater 31_____ started to form an island.

   答案：volcano

   原文定位：Surtsey Island, located in the southern coast of Iceland. The island was formed from below the sea surface due to eruptions of a volcano

   同义替换：「underwater」↔「below the sea surface」

2. Fishermen saw 32_____ coming up out of the sea.

   答案：smoke

   原文定位：The process was recorded in nineteen sixty-three. Fishing vessels crew aborted a closer sailing. Their island spotted a column of smoke rising from the sea surface

   同义替换：「saw」↔「spotted」，「coming up」↔「rising from」

3. What scientists found in the early days

   The first plant life was a type 33_____ .

   答案：flower

   原文定位：The first higher plant was discovered at the shoreline is a flower called sea rocket

4. The first sign of the life found by scientist was a fly.

   Scientists were surprised by the widespread growth of 34_____ .

   答案：grass

   原文定位：Scientists are also shocked that a large area was covered by wide ground grass in nineteen seventy-four

   同义替换：「surprised」↔「shocked」，「widespread」↔「a large area」

5. Later findings：

   In the 1960s, birds bought seed to the island

   In the 1970s, 35_____ were probably carried to the island.

   答案：bacteria

   原文定位：A year after eruption started, the number of bacteria species increased rapidly to thirty-five until about nineteen seventies, and then leveled off and has increased slowly since with the number of species fluctuating around forty to fifty species recorded on each sampling occasion in nineteen nineties

6. The first green vegetation- marchantia formed a thick 36_____ in Surtsey.

   答案：carpet

   原文定位：For the first time, scientists found green vegetation called matinha formed a thick carpet in the westernmost of the largest crater

7. Contrast:

   Surtsey - an island only 39 years old. The 37_____ where obtained as early as 5 years after the eruption.

   答案：fossils

   原文定位：You are never too old to learn, it is said, but you must admit that some kind of information sounds more like a joke, like the findings of fossil on Surtsey. An island only thirty-nine years old, the fossils were obtained as early as five years after eruption

8. However, 38_____ observation suggest that volcano is very energetic.

   答案：radio

   原文定位：Radio observations suggest that very energetic particles produced by the eruption is still active

9. Climate and future:

   The enormous waves of winter 39_____ .

   答案：storm

   原文定位：The violent explosions caused by the meeting of lava and seawater meant that this island consisted of a loose pile of volcanic rock by storms during the winter

10. An assessment assuming that the island will survive for many 40_____ .

    答案：centuries

    原文定位：Investigation assuming that the rate of erosion will be slow suggests that this island will last for at least many centuries

    同义替换：「assessment」↔「investigation」，「survive」↔「last」