Chimpanzee behaviours

文章大意

讲座介绍黑猩猩（chimps）行为研究的历史与最新突破：黑猩猩属人科，约600万年前与人类分支分离，是现存与人类亲缘最近的动物；研究聚焦其行为特征，发现它们靠观察学习、有严格社会等级，雄性首领靠肢体语言维持地位，雌性等级可继承，甚至会联合推翻首领。

题目与答案

1. Species

   · We can find Pan or Pan Troglodytes in West and Central Africa.

   · The Bonobo or Pan Paniscus are found in Democratic Republic of Congo.

   Current research

   · rule out 31_____ and biological factors

   答案：genetic

   原文定位：More modern researches into chimpanzees have centered on their behavioral characteristics once all biological and genetic factors have been ruled out

2. · learn through 32_____ of other chimps` behaviour

   答案：observation

   原文定位：Through such research, scientists have found that chimps learn and adapt through observation of others' behavior

3. Discoveries

   · The book The Third

   Chimpanzee by James Diamond discusses some physical features of chimpanzees.

   · The discovery

   reported by Jane Goodall suggests that chimpanzees know how to use 33_____

   答案：tools

   原文定位：Jane Goodall made a groundbreaking discovery in nineteen sixty when she observed the use of tools among chimpanzees, including digging for termites with large sticks

   同义替换：「The discovery reported by」↔「made a groundbreaking discovery」，「suggests that chimpanzees know how to use」↔「observed the use of」

4. Chimpanzees in Senegal

   · use spears sharpened with their teeth

   · can 34_____ the shell of a coconut

   答案：open

   原文定位：Researchers have witnessed such tools, namely rocks, being used by chimps to open coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts with stone hammers

5. · use a 35_____ hammer to crash nuts

   答案：stone

   原文定位：Researchers have witnessed such tools, namely rocks, being used by chimps to open coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts with stone hammers

6. · are capable of learning 36_____ and understanding human language

   答案：symbols

   原文定位：Research has now shown that chimps have the capability to learn and use symbols and understand aspects of the human language, including syntax as well as numerical sequences

7. Sub-species

   · Bonobos live on the other side of a 37_____ .

   答案：river

   原文定位：These two subspecies are divided along the Congo River, with the common chimps living on one side and the bonobos living on the opposite side of the river

   同义替换：「other」↔「opposite」

8. · Both of them are reducing alarmingly in population 38_____ .

   答案：density

   原文定位：Over the past few decades, both of these subspecies have witnessed an alarming decrease in population density, with animal activists now working harder than ever to protect those remaining and encourage procreation

   同义替换：「reducing」↔「decrease」

9. Which TWO topic about chimpanzees will the students discuss next week?
   • They are slower than human in different ways.
   • They learn things by copying human`s behaviour.
   • They develop behaviours generation by generation.
   • They have very strong ability of logical thinking.
   • They could be modified to adapt to the environment.

   答案：They learn things by copying human`s behaviour.,They develop behaviours generation by generation.

   原文定位：In addition, next week's episode will focus more closely on how chimpanzees in captivity are able to learn things through imitating the behavior of humans, as well as how chimpanzees behaviors have developed over many generations

   同义替换：「copying」↔「imitating」