A case study on fumigants

文章大意

讲座讨论熏蒸剂（通常为气体）用于杀灭昆虫、细菌等生物，常见于粮食储存和博物馆文物保护。重点分析传统熏蒸剂如溴甲烷对臭氧层的破坏及对画作颜料的损害，并介绍一种在密封低氧环境中处理14天的更安全替代方法。

题目与答案

1. A case study on fumigants

   Problems with traditional fumigation

   Some chemicals released during fumigation may damage the Earth's 31_____ layer.

   答案：ozone

   原文定位：In particular, some of the chemicals released during the process can affect the ozone layer

   同义替换：「may damage」↔「can affect」

2. After methyl bromide treatment, paintings may lose some of their original 32_____ .

   答案：colour

   原文定位：For example, if methyl bromide was used on a painting, it could reduce the strength of its color. In some cases, pigments became noticeably less bright after treatment

   同义替换：「lose some of their original colour」↔「pigments became noticeably less bright」

3. To prevent dangerous gas from escaping, food can be placed inside a sealed 33_____ .

   答案：bag

   原文定位：In the food industry, for example, food could be kept inside a sealed bag while the fumigant was introduced. This prevented the gas from escaping

   同义替换：「placed」↔「kept」

4. In countries with humid conditions, the treatment is often more 34_____ because additional

   equipment is required.

   答案：expensive

   原文定位：In humid countries, extra equipment may be required to control the treatment conditions. That can make the process slower and more expensive

   同义替换：「additional」↔「extra」，「treatment」↔「process」

5. An alternative treatment

   ·Researchers created an environment containing almost no oxygen.

   ·The total 35_____ period used in the experiment lasted fourteen days.

   答案：exposure

   原文定位：The total exposure time was 14 days

   同义替换：「period」↔「time」

6. ·Air was removed from the sealed space and replaced with 36_____ .

   答案：nitrogen

   原文定位：The object was placed in a sealed environment where air was removed and replaced with nitrogen

   同义替换：「space」↔「environment」

7. ·The new method was tested on an old wooden 37_____ that had been attacked by insects.

   ·The treatment killed the insects without causing visible damage to the object.

   答案：sculpture

   原文定位：The method was tested on an old wooden sculpture that had been badly infested

   同义替换：「attacked by insects」↔「badly infested」

8. A possible biological solution

   Scientists have examined protective substances found in the skin of certain 38_____ .

   答案：frogs

   原文定位：Some are studying chemicals found in the skins of certain frogs

   同义替换：「examined」↔「studying」，「protective substances」↔「chemicals」

9. These natural chemicals behave in a similar way to 39_____ , as they destroy harmful organisms.

   答案：pesticides

   原文定位：Researchers have found that they can destroy harmful microorganisms, so they act like natural pesticides, killing bacteria before they cause an infection

   同义替换：「behave in a similar way to」↔「act like」

10. One current limitation is that the substances become less effective when exposed to 40_____ .

    答案：moisture

    原文定位：However, they're not very effective in the presence of moisture. Water may dilute them or break them down, so more research is needed

    同义替换：「current limitation」↔「However」，「become less effective」↔「not very effective」，「exposed to」↔「in the presence of」