Biomass fuel

文章大意

讲座介绍生物质燃料：生物质指植物材料，如锯末、秸秆等农业废弃物，可制成压块作家庭或工业燃料。压块有成本低、方便清洁、易储存等优点。制造分机械法和手工法：机械法将植物材料磨粉混合后压缩成型，耗电仅为产出能量的3%-9%；手工法适合纸等不熔材料，加水及黏性物制成糊状。

题目与答案

1. Biomass is waste plant material, e.g. sawdust, straw.

   Bio mass briquettes can be used as domestic or industrial fuel.

   Benefits of biomass briquettes

   · Financial: no 31_____ for materials

   答案：cost

   原文定位：Using briquettes has a financial benefit because they make use of waste products as raw materials, so there isn’t any cost involved for that

   同义替换：「no cost」↔「there isn’t any cost involved」

2. · Convenience: clean and easy to handle and 32_____

   答案：store

   原文定位：Also, briquettes are less trouble to store because they’re a uniform size and shape

   同义替换：「easy to」↔「less trouble to」

3. Production by machine

   · Biomass is first converted to a 33_____ . Then other substances are added.

   答案：powder

   原文定位：At the initial stage, all the loose plant material is ground into a powder and then mixed with other materials

   同义替换：「converted to」↔「ground into」，「substances」↔「materials」

4. · The machine expels the mixture through 34_____ of different shapes.

   答案：holes

   原文定位：The machine forces the biomass mixture out through rectangular or circular holes

   同义替换：「expels the mixture」↔「forces the biomass mixture out」，「different shapes」↔「rectangular or circular」

5. · N.B. Only a relatively small amount of 35_____ is needed to operate the machine.

   答案：electricity

   原文定位：It’s important to point out that with this method, electricity is essential to operate the machinery, and the exact amount you need depends on the type of biomass you use. But generally, the amount required is only three percent to nine percent of the energy that’s produced by the briquettes when they are burnt

   同义替换：「small amount」↔「only three percent to nine percent」

6. Production by hand

   · Biomass is mixed with water and sticky material, e.g. 36_____ , and then pressed into shape.

   答案：starch

   原文定位：The biomass is made into a paste by adding water and, in addition, something sticky, such as starch. This mixture is then shaped using either a simple metal press or bare hands

   同义替换：「mixed with」↔「adding」

7. Current Use

   · Briquettes have been in use for some time for 37_____

   · The use of briquettes made from wood has increased rapidly.

   答案：agriculture

   原文定位：So where is biomass fuel used, and how extensively? Well, it’s difficult to obtain detailed figures, but it’s been used for several years in Europe and the USA, mainly for agriculture

   同义替换：「have been in use for some time」↔「been used for several years」

8. India and China

   · 1990s: briquette manufacture began.

   · 2002: China had about 600 38_____

   答案：factories

   原文定位：but in China, in two thousand and two, the number of factories producing biomass briquettes had increased to approximately six hundred

   同义替换：「about」↔「approximately」

9. Uganda

   · Customers are mainly public institutions or 39_____

   答案：businesses

   原文定位：Most of the company’s customers are public institutions like schools and universities that provide hot meals for their students. The other main users are businesses that need a source of heat for producing their products

   同义替换：「public institutions」↔「schools and universities」

10. Prospects for biomass fuel

    · The 40_____ is likely to increase

    答案：demand

    原文定位：But in general, the demand for biomass fuels is almost certain to grow, and that can only benefit the environment

    同义替换：「Prospects」↔「what is likely to happen in the future」，「likely to increase」↔「almost certain to grow」