雅思阅读真题（Part 1）

Conquering the South Pole

阿蒙森征服南极点的故事

本篇也叫：阿蒙森南极、南极探险、阿蒙森和斯科特、征服南极、南极竞赛、阿蒙德森

Part 1 · 最近考试：2025.11.1

本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 1）《Conquering the South Pole》，共 13 题，2025.11.1雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。

文章大意

挪威探险家阿蒙森1911年秘密转向南极，与英国斯科特船队展开竞赛。他借鉴北极原住民经验，用狗拉雪橇、设补给站、精细筹划，于1911年12月14日率先抵达南极点；斯科特队因机动雪橇和矮种马失败、人力拖拽耗尽体力，返程全员遇难，标志探险从浪漫耐力转向技术效率。

题目原文

A 

Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer celebrated for navigating the Arctic’s Northwest Passage in 1906, turned his sights southward in 1911 to claim the ultimate exploratory prize--the South Pole. Although meticulously planned, his expedition pivoted on chance when he learned of Robert Peary’s disputed claim to the North Pole. To secure fame and funding, Amundsen secretly redirected his goal. Competing against Captain Robert Falcon Scott’s British team in a race to the Pole, he endured extreme cold, frostbite, and setbacks but demonstrated calm leadership and precise planning. On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and his team reached the South Pole, leaving behind letters for King Haakon VII and Scott. His success, founded on dog-pulled sleds, discipline, and scientific precision, contrasted with Scott’s tragic failure. Amundsen’s triumph symbolised a new era in exploration--where mastery of detail, efficiency, and foresight replaced romantic endurance as the mark of true achievement.

 

B 

Amundsen’s preparations were exhaustive. He meticulously studied the methods of indigenous Arctic peoples and polar veterans, choosing dog sleds over ponies and motor sledges, which Scott relied on. Amundsen’s team consisted of experienced skiers and dog handlers, and his route was carefully mapped using previous expeditions’ data. He established a series of supply depots along the route to the Pole, marked by tall black flags to ensure safe return. This logistical foresight proved crucial, as it allowed his team to travel lighter and faster on the final push.

 

C 

In contrast, Scott’s expedition, though brave and well-intentioned, was plagued by poor planning and misfortune. Scott’s reliance on motorised sledges, which broke down, and ponies, which could not withstand the extreme cold, slowed his progress. His team man-hauled their sledges for much of the journey, exhausting themselves. Despite reaching the Pole on January 17, 1912, they discovered Amundsen’s tent and Norwegian flag already planted there. Disheartened and weakened, Scott and his four companions perished on the return journey, just 11 miles from a supply depot.

 

D 

The legacy of the two expeditions highlights a shift in exploration philosophy. Amundsen approached the challenge as a technical problem to be solved with careful preparation and respect for the environment. Scott, in the tradition of British heroic exploration, emphasized perseverance and moral courage but underestimated the Antarctic’s harsh realities. Amundsen’s success was not merely a geographical conquest but a demonstration of modern, systematic exploration. His methods influenced future polar and scientific expeditions, embedding the principle that survival and success depend as much on planning and adaptability as on bravery.

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题目与答案

  1. 1 Amundsen originally planned to explore the North Pole before changing his destination.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：Although meticulously planned, his expedition pivoted on chance when he learned of Robert Peary’s disputed claim to the North Pole. To secure fame and funding, Amundsen secretly redirected his goal

    同义替换：「explore」↔「expedition」，「before changing his destination」↔「redirected his goal」

  2. 10 Why did Amundsen change his expedition’s goal to the South Pole?
    • Because he lost funding for the Arctic.
    • To compete with Scott from the beginning.
    • After learning someone else had claimed the North Pole.
    • Due to advice from the King of Norway.

    答案：After learning someone else had claimed the North Pole.

    原文定位：Although meticulously planned, his expedition pivoted on chance when he learned of Robert Peary’s disputed claim to the North Pole. To secure fame and funding, Amundsen secretly redirected his goal

    同义替换：「change」↔「redirected」

  3. 11 What was a major difference between Amundsen’s and Scott’s transport choices?
    • Amundsen used motor sledges Scott used dogs.
    • Amundsen relied on skis Scott used only foot travel.
    • Amundsen used dog sleds Scott used ponies and motor sledges.
    • Amundsen used helicopters Scott used traditional methods.

    答案：Amundsen used dog sleds Scott used ponies and motor sledges.

    原文定位：He meticulously studied the methods of indigenous Arctic peoples and polar veterans, choosing dog sleds over ponies and motor sledges, which Scott relied on

  4. 12 How far was Scott’s team from a supply depot when they died?
    • 11 miles
    • 14 miles
    • 100 miles
    • Not mentioned

    答案：11 miles

    原文定位：Disheartened and weakened, Scott and his four companions perished on the return journey, just 11 miles from a supply depot

    同义替换：「when they died」↔「perished」

  5. 13 What does the writer suggest was the key factor in Amundsen’s success?
    • Luck and good weather
    • Romantic endurance and courage
    • Systematic planning and efficiency
    • Support from the British government

    答案：Systematic planning and efficiency

    原文定位：Amundsen’s success was not merely a geographical conquest but a demonstration of modern, systematic exploration. His methods influenced future polar and scientific expeditions, embedding the principle that survival and success depend as much on planning and adaptability as on bravery

    同义替换：「key factor」↔「depend as much on」

  6. 2 Robert Peary’s claim to the North Pole was universally accepted.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：Although meticulously planned, his expedition pivoted on chance when he learned of Robert Peary’s disputed claim to the North Pole

    同义替换：「universally accepted」↔「disputed」

  7. 3 Amundsen’s team used ponies as their primary means of transport.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：He meticulously studied the methods of indigenous Arctic peoples and polar veterans, choosing dog sleds over ponies and motor sledges, which Scott relied on

    同义替换：「primary means of transport」↔「choosing dog sleds over ponies」

  8. 4 Scott’s team reached the South Pole after Amundsen’s team.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：Despite reaching the Pole on January 17, 1912, they discovered Amundsen’s tent and Norwegian flag already planted there

  9. 5 Amundsen left letters at the Pole for both the King of Norway and Robert Falcon Scott.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and his team reached the South Pole, leaving behind letters for King Haakon VII and Scott

  10. 6 Amundsen’s success was due to careful _____ .

    答案：preparations

    原文定位：Amundsen’s preparations were exhaustive. He meticulously studied the methods of indigenous Arctic peoples and polar veterans, choosing dog sleds over ponies and motor sledges, which Scott relied on

    同义替换：「careful」↔「exhaustive」

  11. 7 and the use of _____ pulled by dogs.

    答案：sleds

    原文定位：He meticulously studied the methods of indigenous Arctic peoples and polar veterans, choosing dog sleds over ponies and motor sledges, which Scott relied on

    同义替换：「use of」↔「choosing」

  12. 8 He set up _____ along the route to ensure a safe return.

    答案：supply depots

    原文定位：He established a series of supply depots along the route to the Pole, marked by tall black flags to ensure safe return

    同义替换：「set up」↔「established」

  13. 9 In contrast, Scott’s team suffered from poor planning and _____ their sledges for much of the journey.

    答案：man‑hauled

    原文定位：hauled their sledges for much of the journey, exhausting themselves

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