Laughter

文章大意

雅思听力Part4讲解笑的本质：笑是面部和胸部肌肉运动、气流发声的生理活动，由本能而非意识控制。笑只有约10%由笑话引起，更多是社交信号，用于传递安全感、建立群体纽带，也与权力和性别有关，如老板更常用幽默、女性听众对男性讲话者笑得更频繁。

题目与答案

1. The nature of laughter

   ·31 Laughter is a _____ process - involves movement and sound

   答案：physical

   原文定位：So we're talking about a physical activity, but obviously other things are involved as well

   同义替换：「process」↔「activity」，「involves movement and sound」↔「movement of the muscles;sound formed」

2. ·32 It is controlled by our _____

   答案：instincts

   原文定位：Instead, it's regulated by our instincts, rather like the singing of a bird or the roaring of a lion

   同义替换：「controlled」↔「regulated」

3. Reasons for laughter

   ·Only 10% of laughter is caused by jokes or funny stories

   ·33 May have begun as sign of _____ after a dangerous situation

   答案：relief

   原文定位：One suggestion is that human laughter may have originally started out as a shared response to signal relief at the passing of danger

   同义替换：「begun」↔「originally started out」，「sign of」↔「signal」，「after a dangerous situation」↔「at the passing of danger」

4. ·34 Nowadays may help develop _____ within a group

   答案：bonds

   原文定位：It seems likely that laughter can result in the creation of bonds between the people in the group

   同义替换：「help develop」↔「result in the creation of」，「within」↔「between the people in」

5. ·35 Connected to _____ (e.g. use of humor by policians or bosses)

   答案：power

   原文定位：indicates that there's a link between laughter and power

   同义替换：「connected to」↔「link between」

6. ·May be related to male/female differences(e.g.women laugh more at male speakers)

   ·36 May be used in a _____ way to keep someone out of a group

   答案：hostile

   原文定位：I should also point out that laughter can be used as a negative signal as well as a positive one;a group using laughter to exclude someone

   同义替换：「keep someone out of a group」↔「exclude someone」，「used in a;way」↔「used as a;signal 」，「hostile」↔「negative」

7. Benefits of laughter

   ·37 Safe method for the _____ of emotions such as anger and sadness

   答案：release

   原文定位：laughter provides a harmless way for the release of these emotions

   同义替换：「safe method」↔「harmless way」

8. ·Provides good aerobic exercise

   ·38 Leads to drop in levels of stress-related _____

   答案：hormones

   原文定位：It does this by reducing the levels of hormones in the blood, which are caused by stress

   同义替换：「leads to drop in」↔「reducing the levels of」，「stress-related」↔「caused by stress」

9. ·39 Improved the _____

   答案：immune system

   原文定位：And so it helps to boost the immune system

   同义替换：「improved」↔「boost」

10. ·40 Can stop _____ and improve sleep

    答案：bad dreams

    原文定位：A good laugh ten minutes before going to sleep can prevent you from having bad dreams and give a much more pleasant and restorative night's sleep

    同义替换：「can stop」↔「prevent you from having」，「improve」↔「give a much more pleasant」