The history and evolution of portrait photography

文章大意

讲座讲述肖像摄影从绘画到摄影的演变：1500年法国艺术家以肖像画著称，考古发现城堡遗址或属肖像画家；肖像画曾用于彰显家族地位，摄影出现后早期摄影师延续象征手法，但面临作品被盗印和版权缺失的困境，还有一位兼具诗人身份的著名肖像摄影师。

题目与答案

1. · In 1500, a Frenchman was known for his work in both landscape and 31_____ .

   答案：portraits

   原文定位：One of the earliest recorded instances of this dates back to 1500, when a French artist gained recognition for his exceptional ability to depict natural scenes. While his landscapes were highly regarded, it was his portraits that truly set him apart

   同义替换：「was known for」↔「gained recognition for」

2. · They discovered the remains of a 32_____ .

   答案：castle

   原文定位：While searching through ancient ruins, they uncovered what appeared to be parts of a castle

   同义替换：「discovered」↔「uncovered」

3. · Another thing could include the reputation of their 33_____ .

   答案：family

   原文定位：Interestingly, evidence suggests that portraiture in that era was not only about capturing a person's image, but also about preserving the honor of their family

4. Evolution of Photography

   · This photography style is thought to be the 34_____ of that process.

   答案：symbolism

   原文定位：One key aspect they carried over from classical paintings was symbolism

   同义替换：「process」↔「transition」

5. · Most of this artwork was stolen and 35_____ .

   答案：prints

   原文定位：Some had their original photographs stolen and converted into prints, which were then sold without their permission

   同义替换：「artwork」↔「original photographs」

6. · He is thought to be a well-known 36_____ .

   答案：poet

   原文定位：One well-known figure in the field of portrait photography had an unexpected background. He was also celebrated as a poet

   同义替换：「well-known」↔「celebrated」

7. Skills and Techniques

   · One key skill for becoming a popular photographer is an emphasis on 37_____ .

   答案：focus

   原文定位：Apart from understanding the mechanics of a camera, successful photographers needed to master skills such as lighting, composition, and most importantly, focus

   同义替换：「key」↔「most importantly」，「popular」↔「successful」，「an emphasis on」↔「needed to master」

8. · For the production of food and livestock, these artists began to concentrate on 38_____ technology.

   答案：farming

   原文定位：A surprising number of them became involved in photographing advancements in the technological advancements in farming

9. Impact on Economy and Progress

   · The economy has been affected in several ways, the most important being the 39_____ of these masterpieces.

   答案：quality

   原文定位：One of the most significant economic influences has been the improvement in the quality of photographic reproductions

   同义替换：「affected」↔「influences」，「important」↔「significant」，「masterpieces」↔「photographic reproductions」

10. · One way of making progress is to show different 40_____ of reproduction.

    答案：methods

    原文定位：Today, the ability to replicate images accurately is taken for granted, but earlier generations relied on various methods of reproduction to share and distribute photographs widely

    同义替换：「different」↔「various」