雅思阅读真题（Part 1）

Cranberry fruit

蔓越莓：北美独特水果的种植与历史

本篇也叫：蔓越莓、小红莓、蔓越橘、cranberry、北美红莓、蔓越莓种植

Part 1 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2025.10.11

本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 1）《Cranberry fruit》，共 13 题，2025.10.11雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。

文章大意

文章介绍北美本土水果蔓越莓的独特种植条件与历史。蔓越莓只生长在沙质酸性土壤的低洼沼泽（bog）中，冰川形成的壶穴池塘（kettle pond）提供了天然过滤系统。原住民万帕诺亚格人早先便用其保存食物、处理伤口，欧洲殖民者到来后也采用这种本土浆果制作果酱和饮品。

题目原文

The story of a unique North American crop

A 
Cranberries are among the few fruits native to North America that have been grown commercially for centuries. These small, crimson berries thrive only in very unique environmental conditions, particularly in soil that is both sandy and acidic. Such terrain lets water pass through easily while still retaining enough moisture for the plants' shallow roots. Since ordinary farmland cannot provide this delicate balance, cranberries are generally cultivated in low-lying areas called bogs. These natural basins, bordered by gentle ridges, allow growers to regulate water levels accurately. "This setup creates a growing environment quite different from that required by most other fruit crops.

B 
Many bogs now used for cranberry farming were formed thousands of years ago when retreating glaciers carved deep hollows known as kettle ponds. Over time, these basins became lined with layers of sand and clay, producing a natural filtration system that keeps many pollutants out of the water. The clay bottom acts as a protective barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the pond and preserving the clean water essential for healthy vines. Such geological conditions, combined with deliberate human control of water, have made kettle-pond sites especially well suited to this crop.

C 
Long before the arrival of European settlers, the Wampanoag people made practical use of the berry in several ways. The fruit's sharp taste lent itself to preservation techniques; communities developed methods of drying and combining cranberries with other foods to extend their usefulness during months when fresh plant were scarce. These practices resulted in compact foodstuffs intended for consumption in colder seasons. In addition to dietary uses, the Wampanoag also employed the berry in first-aid traditions: crushed fruit was applied to sores and minor wounds, reflecting a practical knowledge of its cleansing properties.

D 
When Europeans first arrived in the seventeenth century, they found cranberries in many coastal hollows and quickly took note of their usefulness. Rather than attempting to transplant European varieties, the newcomers adopted the native species already adapted to regional conditions. Colonists used the fruit in preserves and beverages and valued it for its nutritional contributions during winter voyages and inland shortages. Over time, cranberries were assimilated into colonial cookery and later became associated with holiday traditions in North America. In the early nineteenth century, the shift from gathering wild berries to planned cultivation accelerated thanks to local experimentation. One Masssachusetts grower, Captain Henry Hall, observed that windblown sand reaching his beds improved fruit quality and yield. He began deliberately applying sand to his plots and found that the practice changed both soil texture and pest incidence for the better. Hall's practice of controlling the land and surface materials was an important step toward systematic cranberry farming.

E 
Cranberry cultivation follows a seasonal routine that links each operation to weather patterns. In winter farmers often choose to flood the bogs, forming a protective layer that freezes and insulates the vines from extreme cold and drying winds. On the frozen surface, sand is sometimes scattered so that, when thawed, the particles work into the bed and improve overall drainage, encouraging fresh shoots to establish. To reduce disease risk and improve crop vigour, farmers also remove trees and scrub beside the bogs so that air can move through the site more freely and humidity is kept low.

F 
With the coming of spring, the frozen cover is managed and water levels are adjusted; controlled water applications may be used at vulnerable times to shield budding shoots from sudden frosts.During this phase growers perform routine maintenance on channels, pumps and irrigation lines and take steps to reduce pest pressure before the plants enter full growth. By early summer the vines are active and the focus shifts toward ensuring the fruit matures evenly. Farmers inspect beds for any sign of weed emergence that would compete with the crop for nutrients and light, removing intruders promptly to protect potential yields.

G 
As autumn nears, ripening fruit signals the approach of harvest. In many operations the bogs are flooded again so that the buoyant berries float and can be separated from the vines, easing collection. Although mechanical aids and modern equipment have changed some details of the work, the overall system continues to depend on balancing soil, water and human management. From the Wampanoag's early practical uses to the innovations of later growers, cranberry culture remains rooted in seasonal attention and careful control of a unique landscape.

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题目与答案

  1. 1 The cranberry requires a specific soil type to enable it to grow successfully.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：These small, crimson berries thrive only in very unique environmental conditions, particularly in soil that is both sandy and acidic

    同义替换：「specific soil type」↔「sandy and acidic」，「grow successfully」↔「thrive」

  2. ·Trees are removed to promote the movement of 10_____ .

    答案：air

    原文定位：farmers also remove trees and scrub beside the bogs so that air can move through the site more freely and humidity is kept low

    同义替换：「movement of」↔「move through」

  3. Spring
    ·11_____ is supplied to protect against frost.

    答案：Water

    原文定位：controlled water applications may be used at vulnerable times to shield budding shoots from sudden frosts

    同义替换：「supplied」↔「applications」

  4. ·12_____ is done to control pests.

    答案：Maintenance

    原文定位：During this phase growers perform routine maintenance on channels, pumps and irrigation lines and take steps to reduce pest pressure before the plants enter full growth

    同义替换：「control pests」↔「reduce pest pressure」，「done」↔「perform」

  5. Summer
    ·Growers check for 13_____ growth.

    答案：weed

    原文定位：Farmers inspect beds for any sign of weed emergence that would compete with the crop for nutrients and light, removing intruders promptly to protect potential yields

    同义替换：「check」↔「inspect」，「growth」↔「emergence」

  6. 2 A layer of clay protects kettle ponds from harmful sub:stances which could affect the water quality.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：The clay bottom acts as a protective barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the pond and preserving the clean water essential for healthy vines

    同义替换：「layer of clay」↔「clay bottom」，「protects」↔「preventing」，「affect the water quality」↔「preserving the clean water」

  7. 3 In the past, the Wampanoag people had to consume most cranberries shortly after picking them.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：communities developed methods of drying and combining cranberries with other foods to extend their usefulness during months when fresh plant were scarce

  8. 4 The Wampanoag people took advantage of the medicinal properties of cranberries.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：In addition to dietary uses, the Wampanoag also employed the berry in first-aid traditions: crushed fruit was applied to sores and minor wounds, reflecting a practical knowledge of its cleansing properties

    同义替换：「medicinal properties」↔「first-aid traditions」，「took advantage of」↔「employed the berry」

  9. 5 The first settlers in North America brought European varieties of cranberry with them when they arrived.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：Rather than attempting to transplant European varieties, the newcomers adopted the native species already adapted to regional conditions

  10. 6 Captain Hall tried growing other fruit crops before cultivating cranberries.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：One Massachusetts grower, Captain Henry Hall, observed that windblown sand reaching his beds improved fruit quality and yield. He began deliberately applying sand to his plots

  11. 7 It took a long time for Captain Hall's methods of cultivation to become popular among other cranberry producers.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：He began deliberately applying sand to his plots and found that the practice changed both soil texture and pest incidence for the better. Hall's practice of controlling the land and surface materials was an important step toward systematic cranberry farming

  12. The Cycle of Cranberry Production
    Winter
    ·Growers 8_____ the bogs to protect vines.

    答案：flood

    原文定位：In winter farmers often choose to flood the bogs, forming a protective layer that freezes and insulates the vines from extreme cold and drying winds

  13. ·Sand is put on bogs to increase 9_____ and encourage growth.

    答案：drainage

    原文定位：On the frozen surface, sand is sometimes scattered so that, when thawed, the particles work into the bed and improve overall drainage, encouraging fresh shoots to establish

    同义替换：「increase」↔「improve」，「growth」↔「fresh shoots」

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