Rock art

文章大意

雅思听力Part4讲座介绍史前岩画，即远古人类迁徙途中绘制的图画。岩画为研究人类进化与迁徙提供关键信息，全球岩画中人物常画成火柴人、眼睛突出，蜥蜴多呈侧面或俯视角度，这种跨文化相似性可能源于祖先大脑对危险图像的快速识别需求。

题目与答案

1. For researchers, rock art provides evidence about

   ·evolution

   ·31_____

   答案：migration

   原文定位：Firstly, it provides vital information about the way that people evolved, information not always easily obtainable from excavated artifacts alone. Secondly, rock art tells us about migration, where people came from and where perhaps they went next

   同义替换：「evidence」↔「vital information」，「evolution」↔「people evolved」

2. Global similarities in rock art

   ·humans often had large 32_____

   答案：eyes

   原文定位：When our ancestors drew humans, they would often draw them as stick figures. But if they drew a face, then the eyes were almost always very prominent, very open and wide

   同义替换：「had large」↔「very prominent, very open and wide」

3. ·animals were common,but a 33_____ was always

   答案：lizard

   原文定位：But one animal which is very interesting to researchers is the lizard, because whenever you see a prehistoric painting of one, it's depicted either in profile or looking down on it from above

4. drawn from the side or from above

   ·unlikely that contact through 34_____ resulted in

   similar artistic styles

   答案：trade

   原文定位：In the past, archaeologists believed that trade must have brought people together and that it gave them the opportunity to observe each other's culture, including art styles. But this didn't prove to be the case

   同义替换：「unlikely that」↔「But this didn't prove to be the case」，「contact」↔「brought people together」，「resulted in similar artistic styles」↔「observe each other's culture, including art styles」

5. Reasons for our ancestors producing rock art

   ·firstly for reasons of 35_____

   答案：survival

   原文定位：They believe that the brains of our ancestors evolved to notice certain images before others, and this was important, actually essential, because in an environment full of constant danger, it was necessary for survival. So the need to quickly recognize things that could be helpful or harmful could have had a great influence on rock art;Later on, there would have been other reasons why communities produced art, certainly for spiritual and social purposes, and no doubt for political ones too

   同义替换：「our ancestors producing rock art」↔「communities produced art」，「firstly」↔「Later on」，「for reasons of」↔「necessary for」

6. ·later for social,spiritual and 36_____ reasons

   答案：political

   原文定位：Later on, there would have been other reasons why communities produced art, certainly for spiritual and social purposes, and no doubt for political ones too, as different tribes looked for allies and struggled against their enemies

7. Aboriginal people drew images to show contact with Europeans

   ·37_____

   答案：ships

   原文定位：For example, the Aborigines began to draw ships which they would have seen along the coast

8. ·38_____

   答案：horses

   原文定位：Another image that is evidence of European arrival is that of horses, an animal that would have been very alien to the Australian landscape

9. Human activities that threaten Aboriginal rock art

   ·39_____

   答案：erosion

   原文定位：Erosion, of course, is one of the key reasons for its destruction, but human activity is also increasingly responsible. Since the nineteen sixties, industry alone has destroyed around an estimated ten thousand pieces of art

   同义替换：「threaten」↔「destruction」

10. Vandalism

    ·40_____

    答案：tourism

    原文定位：Vandalism is sadly another factor, and although most people, I believe, would wish to preserve this art, I'm afraid that tourism is another reason why the art is disappearing