Street furniture

文章大意

从城市规划师角度讲街道家具（标识、道路标线、路灯等）的设计与布局。街道家具不断累积导致街道杂乱拥挤，许多城镇推行清理政策，但移除后又面临存放难题。标识是杂乱主因，应附在现有立柱或建筑上且不阻碍通行；警告标识必须提前设置。选材需考虑夜间反光和防涂鸦，CCTV摄像头等设施也带来问题。

题目与答案

1. “Public Amenities”

   The primary consideration in placing public amenities is their impact on 31_____ .

   答案：access

   原文定位：When we're designing streets and deciding where to put street furniture, we must consider how strong an impact its location will have, not only in terms of aesthetics, but above all in terms of access

   同义替换：「public amenities」↔「street furniture」，「placing」↔「deciding where to put」，「primary consideration」↔「must consider」

2. An issues that arises from removing public amenities is 32_____ .

   答案：storage

   原文定位：However, removing street furniture causes another problem, that of storage

   同义替换：「issue」↔「problem」，「arises from」↔「causes」

3. Signage

   They should be mounted on existing structures when possible.

   They should not obstruct 33_____ .

   答案：circulation

   原文定位：In addition, they have to be put somewhere where they don't impede circulation

   同义替换：「not obstruct」↔「don't impede」

4. Specific locations are required only for signs that provide a 34_____ .

   答案：warning

   原文定位：The only group of signs that must be sited in particular positions are warning signs

   同义替换：「Specific locations」↔「particular positions」，「are required only for」↔「must be sited only for」

5. Their dimensions must be suitable and the message clear.

   It`s crucial road signs are visible in the 35_____ .

   答案：dark

   原文定位：The key point is that these signs need to be seen clearly after dark

   同义替换：「crucial」↔「key point」，「visible」↔「need to be seen clearly」

6. Materials coated with plastic facilitate easy removal of graffiti and 36_____ .

   答案：stickers

   原文定位：This material also makes the removal of unwanted stickers much easier

7. Other Potential Issues

   The 37_____ needed for CCTV systems.

   答案：boxes

   原文定位：It's not so much the cameras that are the problem because they are usually located high up on buildings. It's the boxes containing all the controls, which even when placed up on walls, can give a street an oppressive atmosphere

8. Bicycle racks

   38_____

   答案：bins

   原文定位：At ground level, the location of cycle racks is tricky;There is a similar problem with bins. They need to be easy for people to throw their litter into, but not block the pavement in any way

9. Design Guidelines

   Public amenities should be:

   Suitable for their purpose

   39_____

   Easy to maintain

   答案：durable

   原文定位：Firstly, any street furniture or signs that are used, used must be fit for purpose. Secondly, they have got to be durable. They need to be able to stand the test of time

   同义替换：「Suitable for」↔「fit for」，「should be」↔「have got to be」，「Easy to」↔「low」

10. General Guidelines

    Verify the 40_____ requirements.

    答案：legal

    原文定位：As for general principles, an area I haven't touched on so far is that we must find out about any legal regulations regarding street furniture

    同义替换：「Verify」↔「find out about」，「requirements」↔「regulations」