雅思阅读真题（Part 3）
职场行为的进化心理学起源
本篇也叫：职场进化心理学、进化心理学与工作、职场行为起源、达尔文职场理论、工作场所进化心理学
Part 3 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2026.2.8湖北省对外交流中心
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 3）《Understanding the origins of workplace》，共 14 题，2026.2.8湖北省对外交流中心雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章探讨进化心理学如何解释职场行为，引用达尔文进化论，介绍Leda Cosmides、John Tooby和Edward O. Wilson等学者观点，并重点讲述伦敦商学院组织心理学家Nigel Nicholson的著作《管理人类动物》，分析大脑的“石器时代”设计如何影响现代组织行为与管理。
A
Charles Darwin, the brilliant anthropologist and creator of the theory of evolution, is not normally associated with the modern business world. Nevertheless, Darwinian evolutionary theory is the foundation of a new wave of ideas about human behaviour in general and particularly the way people behave in the workplace; these ideas have been given the title of ‘evolutionary psychology’. Evolutionary psychology revolves around the notion that our brains, like our bodies, have an inherited evolutionary design that has scarcely changed for 10,000 years. As respected evolutionary psychology experts Leda Cosmides and John Tooby comment, ‘our modern skulls house a Stone Age mind.’ The US biologist Edward O Wilson sees evolutionary psychology as being a discipline which is based on both socio-biology, which is the study of the biological basis of social behaviour, and psychology, which is the systematic study of human behaviour.
B
Nigel Nicholson, an organisational psychologist from the London Business School, is a strong supporter of evolutionary psychology and on this subject has published Managing the Human Animal. His book takes the reader on a journey from the Stone Age plains of the savannah to the modern office, and includes a discussion of Darwinism and behavioural psychology together with a dissection of dysfunctional organisational behaviour. It is an effective approach explaining why people behave as they do, particularly at work. Evolutionary psychology is increasingly being cited in management circles, where managers are trying to understand puzzling aspects of human behaviour and by doing so improve the workplace. Nicholson believes that evolutionary psychology can help managers understand what goes wrong in organisational life and what they can do about it.
C
Nicholson maintains that evolutionary psychology dismisses the long-held assumption that our minds are like blank pages just waiting for culture and experience to write on them and shape our nature. He points out that sophisticated research shows the brain actually houses a store of knowledge when we are born, and now genetic research is establishing there are certain genes that account for abilities, tastes and tendencies. The stored knowledge in the human brain has not changed much since the Stone Age. As Tooby and Cosmides stress, there have not been enough generations for a brain that is well adapted to our post-industrial life to evolve through natural selection.
D
The evolutionary psychology version of human nature revolves around some key elements which we have inherited from our hunter-gatherer minds. One key element is emotion. Emotion was originally essential to keep early man alive and safe from predators. Emotion was, and continues to be our radar, guiding us throughout today’s techno-defined business world. Despite this, the business world emphasises rational not emotional behaviour, and does not admit the importance of emotion. We still use the emotional part of our minds to make sense of other people’s behaviour and to create an impression, so we can often be taken in by appearances. This mental predisposition actually works best in small communities (the tribe), not in much larger environments filled with people we barely know (the modern workplace). Our minds naturally try to re-create our ancestral communities with a network of no more than 150 people, where there are clear hierarchies and leaders. As a consequence, it takes very little to trigger people’s innate distrust of others because our safety in antiquity depended on supporting our near family and friends whom we valued more than other people.
E
So what advice does Nicholson have for the corporate world? He thinks that by knowing the reasons for people’s behaviour it is possible to mould corporate environments into places that have more chance of working efficiently and being pleasant places to work in. Nicholson admits that not everybody in the business world agrees with his belief in the effectiveness of evolutionary psychology in the workplace. One group that resists the theory of evolutionary psychology is young MBA graduates who are just beginning their careers and feel that evolutionary psychology will make their lives at work more difficult. Older and wiser executives are more receptive to the theory of evolutionary psychology, although Nicholson points out that they still tend to cling to the idea of a magic formula to bring people into line with corporate strategy. But that is back-to-front thinking according to Nicholson, who contends that we should be reinventing our business structures, not our fundamental human nature.
F
At the end of his book, Nicholson gives his forecast of what will and will not change in the business world. He believes that most people will still prefer more traditional forms of work and throughout their lives will continue to aim at lifelong status advancement. He also maintains that the line between work and home will be less defined, but that people will still prefer traditional working patterns as working from home leaves them isolated from their work community. He doubts that the high-tech ideas of virtual companies will ever be very successful because people will still want to meet each other face-to-face. Nicholson describes his ideal organisation in the future: it would be decentralized, with small sub-units; the staff would be from diverse backgrounds and be allowed a high degree of self-determination. New endeavours and creativity would replace systems and rationality. Nicholson acknowledges that there is a long way to go in terms of the translation of his ideas of evolutionary psychology into practical propositions, but he is confident more and more people will come round to his way of thinking.
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答案：explain the theory of evolutionary psychology.
原文定位：Darwinian evolutionary theory is the foundation of a new wave of ideas about human behaviour;particularly the way people behave in the workplace; these ideas have been given the title of ‘evolutionary psychology;Evolutionary psychology revolves around the notion that
同义替换：「explain」↔「revolves」，「theory」↔「notion」
答案：We inherit ideas and characteristics from our ancestors.
原文定位：sophisticated research shows the brain actually houses a store of knowledge when we are born;genetic research is establishing there are certain genes that account for abilities, tastes and tendencies;The stored knowledge in the human brain has not changed much since the Stone Age
同义替换：「inherit」↔「when we are born」，「ideas」↔「knowledge」，「characteristics」↔「abilities, tastes and tendencies」，「from our ancestors」↔「since the Stone Age」
答案：explain attitudes and actions at work.
原文定位：Emotion was, and continues to be our radar, guiding us throughout today’s techno-defined business world. Despite this, the business world emphasises rational not emotional behaviour, and does not admit the importance of emotion. We still use the emotional part of our minds to make sense of other people’s behaviour and to create an impression
同义替换：「explain」↔「make sense」，「actions」↔「behaviour」，「work」↔「business world」
答案：Social interaction will remain important to workers.
原文定位：He doubts that the high-tech ideas of virtual companies will ever be very successful because people will still want to meet each other face-to-face;People will still prefer traditional working patterns as working from home leaves them isolated from their work community
同义替换：「Social interaction」↔「work community」，「remain」↔「still」，「important」↔「prefer」，「workers」↔「employees」
答案：Understanding the origins of workplace behaviour
答案：YES
原文定位：His book is an effective approach explaining why people behave as they do, particularly at work;Evolutionary psychology is increasingly being cited in management circles
同义替换：「persuasive argument」↔「effective approach」
答案：NO
原文定位：As Tooby and Cosmides stress, there have not been enough generations for a brain that is well adapted to our post-industrial life to evolve through natural selection
同义替换：「prepared our minds well for」↔「well adapted to」，「modern workplace」↔「post-industrial life」
答案：NOT GIVEN
答案：NO
原文定位：it takes very little to trigger people’s innate distrust of others because our safety in antiquity depended on supporting our near family and friends whom we valued more than other people
答案：business environments
原文定位：He thinks that by knowing the reasons for people’s behaviour it is possible to mould corporate environments into places that have more chance of working efficiently
同义替换：「change」↔「mould」，「business」↔「corporate」
答案：MBA graduates
原文定位：One group that resists the theory of evolutionary psychology is young MBA graduates who are just beginning their careers
同义替换：「unwelcome」↔「resists」
答案：magic formula
原文定位：Older and wiser executives are more receptive to the theory;although Nicholson points out that they still tend to cling to the idea of a magic formula to bring people into line with corporate strategy
同义替换：「believe」↔「cling to the idea of」，「company’s practices」↔「corporate strategy」，「according」↔「line with」，「employees」↔「people」
答案：back-to-front thinking
原文定位：But that is back-to-front thinking according to Nicholson
答案：human nature
原文定位：we should be reinventing our business structures, not our fundamental human nature
同义替换：「change」↔「reinventing」