Study on dolphins` behaviour

文章大意

讲座介绍海豚的行为特征：海豚是与鲸、鼠海豚近亲的哺乳动物，全球约四十种，多生活在浅海，以鱼和鱿鱼为食。它们高度社会化，常结成小群，食物丰富时可形成上千只的超级群。海豚会照顾伤病同伴，新西兰雄性海豚Moko曾引导搁浅的侏儒抹香鲸母子脱困，还会保护游泳者免受鲨鱼攻击。澳大利亚发现印太瓶鼻海豚教幼豚用海绵护吻觅食，知识多由母传女，显示海豚具有文化。

题目与答案

1. Background:

   ·found 31_____

   答案：worldwide

   原文定位：Dolphins are mammals closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin, and they vary in size from one point two meters and ninety pounds up to nine and a half meters and ten tons;They are found worldwide, mostly in shallower seas of the continental shelves, and they are carnivores, eating mostly fish and squid

   同义替换：「worldwide」↔「all over the world」

2. Socialising:

   ·very sociable and live in 32_____

   答案：pods

   原文定位：Dolphins are highly social animals often living in pods of up to a dozen individuals, though pod sizes and structures vary greatly between species and locations

   同义替换：「very sociable」↔「highly social」

3. ·have been known to assist 33_____

   答案：swimmers

   原文定位：Dolphins have also been seen protecting swimmers from sharks, by swimming circles around the swimmers or charging the sharks to make them leave

   同义替换：「have been known to」↔「have also been seen」，「assist」↔「protecting」

4. Culture:

   ·discovered in May 2005 that young bottle-nose dophins learn to utilise 34_____

   答案：tools

   原文定位：In May two thousand and five, a discovery in Australia found Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins teaching their young to use tools

   同义替换：「utilise」↔「use」，「learn」↔「be taught」

5. · dolphin pass knowledge from mothers to daughters, whereas primates pass to both 35_____ .

   答案：sexes

   原文定位：This knowledge is mostly transferred by mothers to daughters, unlike primates, where knowledge is generally passed on to both sexes

   同义替换：「pass」↔「transfer」，「whereas」↔「unlike」

6. Aggression:

   ·like humans, this is due to disagreements over 36_____ and competition for females.

   答案：companions

   原文定位：Male dolphins engage in acts of aggression apparently for the same reasons as humans. That is disputes between companions and competition for females

   同义替换：「like」↔「for the same reasons as」，「due to disagreements over」↔「disputes between」

7. Food source:

   ·dolphins have a variety of feeding methods, some of which are 37_____ to one population.

   答案：exclusive

   原文定位：various methods of feeding exist among and within species. Some apparently exclusive to a single population

   同义替换：「one」↔「single」

8. ·methods include: herding, coralling, 38_____ or strand feeding

   答案：beach

   原文定位：Individual members then take turns plowing through the ball, feeding on the stunned fish. Corralling is a method where dolphins chase fish into shallow water to catch them more easily. Orcas and bottlenose dolphins have also been known to drive their prey onto a beach to feed on it, a behavior known as beach or strand feeding

9. Playing:

   ·common behavior with an object include: 39_____ it from another dolphin

   答案：taking

   原文定位：When playing with objects or small animals, common behavior includes carrying the object or animal along using various parts of the body, passing it along to other members of the group, or taking it from another member or throwing it out of the water

10. ·playful behavior may include other animal 40_____ such as humans

    答案：species

    原文定位：Playful behavior that involves other animal species with active participation of the other animal can also be observed. Playful human interaction with dolphins being the most obvious example

    同义替换：「include」↔「involves」