Ancient Egyptian medicine

文章大意

讲座探讨古埃及医学实践，重点介绍现代研究者如何通过寺庙雕塑、壁画和密封罐等补充证据，克服医学文献残缺的困难，了解古埃及处方中使用的动植物和矿物成分。研究者Campbell分析了248种成分，发现部分成分如洋葱、鱼具有象征意义，而糖则用于保存药剂。

题目与答案

1. Problems

   ·Only 12 medical texts have been fully preserved

   ·Many ancient records were written as 31_____ rather than detailed explanations.

   答案：lists

   原文定位：Rather than offering full explanations, many of these documents are simply organized as lists of plants, preparations, or ritual items

   同义替换：「records」↔「documents」，「written as」↔「organized as」，「detailed」↔「full」

2. Sources of knowledge

   ·Some spices were 32_____ from outside Egypt.

   答案：imported

   原文定位：Some were clearly imported from far-off places, perhaps through trade with neighboring cultures

   同义替换：「outside Egypt」↔「far-off places」

3. Found in:

   Botanical specimens

   Wall paintings

   Temple decorations like 33_____ .

   答案：sculptures

   原文定位：Some temples contain detailed sculptures showing the preparation or application of various treatments

   同义替换：「like」↔「contain」

4. Uses of substances

   Some ingredients were added for 34_____ .

   Others were likely symbolic

   Others may have had symbolic or spiritual meanings

   答案：flavour

   原文定位：In some cases, certain items were added to enhance the flavor of the medicine, which would have made it more acceptable to consume

   同义替换：「Some ingredients」↔「certain items」

5. Campbell's research findings

   Identified 248 substances, Including animals and some 35_____ .

   答案：minerals

   原文定位：His study revealed a total of two hundred forty-eight different components, including substances derived from animals and a number of minerals

   同义替换：「research」↔「study」，「Identified」↔「revealed」，「substances」↔「components」，「some」↔「a number of」

6. Certain items like onions and fish were considered 36_____ of power.

   答案：symbols

   原文定位：Some ingredients had symbolic significance. Items like onions or fish, for instance, were seen as symbols of strength or divine favor rather than functioning as active medical agents

   同义替换：「considered」↔「seen as」，「power」↔「strength」

7. Substances such as 37_____ were used for practical reasons.

   答案：sugar

   原文定位：Sugar, for example, appears to have been used to preserve mixtures and create pastes that adhered well to wounds or skin

   同义替换：「such as」↔「for example」

8. Mummification process required the area to be 38_____ .

   答案：clean

   原文定位：During mummification, procedures had to take place in environments that were kept clean, likely to reduce contamination as well as for religious purity

   同义替换：「required」↔「had to take place in environments that were kept」，「area」↔「environments」

9. Wrapping the body involved using materials like resin and 39_____ .

   答案：metal

   原文定位：archaeological finds show that bandages were sometimes reinforced with substances such as resin or metal, possibly for extra durability or spiritual protection

   同义替换：「Wrapping the body」↔「bandages」，「involved using materials」↔「reinforced with substances」，「like」↔「such as」

10. 40_____ was applied to heal wounds.

    答案：honey

    原文定位：For everyday injuries, ingredients like honey were commonly applied to wounds, thanks to their natural ability to reduce infection and encourage healing

    同义替换：「heal wounds」↔「encourage healing」