Ingmar Bergman film director

文章大意

文章探讨了为何多数商业电影缺乏艺术深度和持久魅力，并以瑞典电影导演英格玛·伯格曼为例，说明其作品如何通过细节、情感表达和视觉语言成为艺术，如《野草莓》中每个画面都服务于中心意义。

题目与答案

1. Introduction

   Most films are just entertainment - they lack the 31_____ that is necessary for great art.

   答案：depth

   原文定位：Most of them are mere entertainment, and very few of them could be said to be works of art. They simply don't have the depth that a work of art has, and this means that you may see them once, but you won't want to watch them again

   同义替换：「just」↔「mere」，「lack」↔「don't have」

2. Problems with modern commercial films

   ·They depend too much on surprise for their effect.

   ·Character development is regarded as unimportant and they depend on using successful 32_____ in the films.

   答案：actors

   原文定位：In addition, the commercial nature of filmmaking means that rather than focusing on the development of characters in the film, many films are just becoming vehicles for actors, box office successes who essentially play the same part each time

   同义替换：「is regarded as unimportant」↔「rather than focusing on」

3. ·Directors are not able to use 33_____ to create an atmosphere.

   ·Directors lack the ability to focus on what is important.

   答案：light

   原文定位：Then, as well as this, many critics would argue that the greatest black and white films had their own special world with its own special atmosphere, and that nowadays it's harder to create this because the director is unable to play with light in the same way

   同义替换：「are not able to」↔「is unable to」，「use」↔「play with」

4. Dramatic impact of Bergman's films

   ·He had a unique ability to portray 34_____

   答案：emotion

   原文定位：No other director has equaled Bergman in his ability to convey emotion. His films have the dramatic force of a work by the world's greatest playwrights, such as Ibsen or Shakespeare

   同义替换：「portray」↔「convey」

5. ·Every image has a 35_____ and contributes to the overall meaning.

   答案：purpose

   原文定位：If you study a film such as Wild Strawberries, you'll see that every little detail is significant. Each image on the screen is there for a purpose and gradually builds up an understanding of the central meaning

   同义替换：「contributes to the overall meaning」↔「gradually builds up an understanding of the central meaning」

6. ·A character's gestures or facial expressions can be as important as his or her 36_____ .

   答案：words

   原文定位：With Bergman, too, you know that a small gesture made by a character or the expression on a character's face can tell you just as much as the words uttered

   同义替换：「facial expressions」↔「the expression on a character's face」

7. ·His stories work at two levels, as drama and as 37_____ .

   答案：myth

   原文定位：Each of his films follows a similar pattern in that the story is organized on two levels. Firstly, on the level of a straightforward, dramatic narrative, but secondly, on the level of myth, and the story works throughout the film on both these levels

   同义替换：「work at two levels」↔「works throughout the film on both these levels」

8. Common themes in Wild Strawberries

   ·The connection between journeys and 38_____ .

   答案：dreams

   原文定位：Part of the journey is a real one, but linked with that is the theme of dreams, where they can take us and what we can learn from them

   同义替换：「The connection between」↔「linked with that」

9. ·39_____ relationships.

   答案：family

   原文定位：Another theme which was to be central to Bergman's work throughout his life is that of relationships, and in particular, the ties that join the members of a family together

   同义替换：「family relationships」↔「the ties that join the members of a family together」

10. ·The need to 40_____ all that life offers.

    答案：accept

    原文定位：And finally, as the old man in Wild Strawberries struggles to make sense of his life, we have another theme which underlies all his work, no matter how anxious or unhappy his characters may appear to be, and that is that we have to accept everything that life can give

    同义替换：「all that life offers」↔「everything that life can give」