雅思阅读真题（Part 3）
飓风能被人工干预或改变路径吗
本篇也叫：飓风能控制吗、台风可以人工干预吗、飓风改道、人工影响飓风、台风改向、控制飓风
Part 3 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2025.4.26/2017.3.18
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 3）《Can hurricanes be moderated or diverted?》，共 14 题，2025.4.26/2017.3.18雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章探讨人类能否通过向飓风施加微小扰动来改变其路径或强度，先介绍飓风在热带洋面形成、靠凝结潜热维持并登陆后减弱的机制，再结合混沌理论说明大气对微小影响高度敏感，并借助计算机模拟与遥感技术研究人工干预飓风的可能性。
A
Each year, massive swirling storms bringing along winds greater than 74 miles per hour wipe across tropical oceans and land on shorelines - usually devastating vast swaths of territory. When these roiling tempests strike densely inhabited territories, they have the power to kill thousands and cause property damage worth of billions of dollars. Besides, absolutely nothing stands in their way. But can we ever find a way to control these formidable forces of nature?
B
To see why hurricanes and other severe tropical storms may be susceptible to human intervention, a researcher must first learn about their nature and origins. Hurricanes grow in the form of thunderstorm clusters above the tropical seas. Oceans in low-latitude areas never stop giving out heat and moisture to the atmosphere, which brings about warm, wet air above the sea surface. When this kind of air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and precipitation. Condensation gives out heat in the process the solar heat is used to evaporate the water at the ocean surface. This so-called invisible heat of condensation makes the air more buoyant, leading to it ascending higher while reinforcing itself in the feedback process. At last, the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye - the calm centre hub that a hurricane spins around. When reaching the land, the hurricane no longer has a continuous supply of warm water, which causes it to swiftly weaken.
C
Our current studies are inspired by my past intuition when I was learning about chaos theory 30 years ago. The reason why long-range forecasting is complicated is that the atmosphere is highly sensitive to small influences and tiny mistakes can compound fast in the weather- forecasting models. However, this sensitivity also made me realise a possibility: if we intentionally applied some slight inputs to a hurricane, we might create a strong influence that could affect the storms, either by steering them away from densely populated areas or by slowing them down. Back then, I was not able to test my ideas, but thanks to the advancement of computer simulation and remote-sensing technologies over the last 10 years, I can now renew my enthusiasm in large-scale weather control.
D
To find out whether the sensitivity of the atmospheric system could be exploited to adjust such robust atmospheric phenomena as hurricanes, our research team ran simulation experiments on computers for a hurricane named Iniki that occurred in 1992. The current forecasting technologies were far from perfect, so it took us by surprise that our first simulation turned out to be an immediate success. With the goal of altering the path of Iniki in mind, we first picked the spot where we wanted the storm to stop after six hours. Then we used this target to generate artificial observations and put these into the computer model.
E
The most significant alteration turned out to be the initial temperatures and winds. Usually, the temperature changes across the grid were only tenths of a degree, but the most noteworthy change, which was an increase of almost two degrees Celsius, took place in the lowest model layer to the west of the storm centre. The calculations produced wind-speed changes of two or three miles per hour. However, in several spots, the rates shifted by as much as 20 mph due to minor redirections of the winds close to the storm’s centre. In terms of structure, the initial and altered versions of Hurricane Iniki seemed almost the same, but the changes in critical variables were so substantial that the latter one went off the track to the west during the first six hours of the simulation and then travelled due north, leaving Kauai untouched.
F
Future earth-orbiting solar power stations, equipped with large mirrors to focus the sun’s rays and panels of photovoltaic cells to gather and send energy to the Earth, might be adapted to beam microwaves which turn to be absorbed by water vapour molecules inside or around the storm. The microwaves would cause the water molecules to vibrate and heat up the surrounding air, which then leads to the hurricane slowing down or moving in a preferred direction.
G
Simulations of hurricanes conducted on a computer have implied that by changing the precipitation, evaporation and air temperature, we could make a difference to a storm’s route or abate its winds. Intervention could be in many different forms: exquisitely targeted clouds bearing silver iodide or other rainfall-inducing elements might deprive a hurricane of the water it needs to grow and multiply from its formidable eyewall, which is the essential characteristic of a severe tropical storm.
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答案：are hurricanes unbeatable?
原文定位：But can we ever find a way to control these formidable forces of nature
同义替换：「Are hurricanes unbeatable」↔「can we ever find a way to control」
答案：how hurricanes form
原文定位：To see why hurricanes and other severe tropical storms may be susceptible to human intervention, a researcher must first learn about their nature and origins; At last, the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye
同义替换：「How hurricanes form」↔「nature and origins」
答案：re-visiting earlier ideas
原文定位：Our current studies are inspired by my past intuition when I was learning about chaos theory 30 years ago;I can now renew my enthusiasm in large-scale weather control
同义替换：「re-visiting earlier ideas 」↔「renew my enthusiasm」
答案：how a laboratory exercise re-routed a hurricane
原文定位：our research team ran simulation experiments on computers for a hurricane named Iniki that occurred in 1992;With the goal of altering the path of Iniki in mind
同义替换：「How a laboratory exercise」↔「simulation experiments on computers」，「re-routed a hurricane」↔「altering the path of Iniki」
答案：how lives might have been saved
原文定位：the latter one went off the track to the west during the first six hours of the simulation and then travelled due north, leaving Kauai untouched
同义替换：「How lives might have been saved」↔「leaving Kauai untouched」
答案：exciting ways to utilise future technologies
原文定位：Future earth-orbiting solar power stations, equipped with large mirrors to focus the sun’s rays;might be adapted to beam microwaves;which then leads to the hurricane slowing down or moving in a preferred direction
同义替换：「Exciting ways to utilise future technologies」↔「Future earth-orbiting solar power stations」，「utilise」↔「adapted to」
答案：a range of low-tech methods
原文定位：Intervention could be in many different forms: exquisitely targeted clouds bearing silver iodide or other rainfall-inducing elements
同义替换：「A range of」↔「many different forms」，「low-tech methods」↔「intervention」
答案：thunderstorms
原文定位：Hurricanes grow in the form of thunderstorm clusters above the tropical seas
同义替换：「originate as groups of」↔「grow in the form of thunderstorm clusters」，「over the tropical oceans」↔「above the tropical seas」
答案：condensation
原文定位：Condensation gives out heat in the process the solar heat is used to evaporate the water at the ocean surface
同义替换：「releases」↔「gives out」
答案：heat
原文定位：This so-called invisible heat of condensation makes the air more buoyant
同义替换：「latent」↔「invisible」
答案：eye
原文定位：At last, the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye - the calm centre hub that a hurricane spins around
答案：land
原文定位：When reaching the land, the hurricane no longer has a continuous supply of warm water, which causes it to swiftly weaken
同义替换：「passing over」↔「reaching」，「cut off」↔「no longer has a continuous supply of」，「rapid」↔「swiftly」
答案：the developments in computer technologies
原文定位：Back then, I was not able to test my ideas, but thanks to the advancement of computer simulation and remote-sensing technologies over the last 10 years, I can now renew my enthusiasm in large-scale weather control
同义替换：「encouraged the writer to restart researching」↔「renew my enthusiasm」，「developments in computer technologies」↔「advancement of computer simulation and remote-sensing technologies」
答案：surprised that their intervention had the intended effect
原文定位：The current forecasting technologies were far from perfect, so it took us by surprise that our first simulation turned out to be an immediate success
同义替换：「intervention had the intended effect」↔「immediate success」