Project on childhood obesity

文章大意

社会学学生Richard与导师Kerrigan教授讨论他的研究项目，主题是儿童肥胖。他想研究导致儿童肥胖率上升的因素，尤其关注运动与体重的关系，而非饮食；还谈到父母因担心安全不让孩子独自外出、媒体对犯罪的渲染等影响儿童运动量的原因。

题目与答案

1. 21 What aspect of childhood obesity does Richard want to investigate?
   • why childhood obesity is increasing
   • what can be done to prevent childhood obesity
   • the relationship between childhood obesity and obesity in adults

   答案：why childhood obesity is increasing

   原文定位：Well, there's lots out there about adults and the effect that being overweight has on their health. But I wanted to concentrate on children. Mainly, I want to understand the factors that underlie the rise in obesity levels among this group of the population

   同义替换：「why childhood obesity is increasing」↔「the factors that underlie the rise in obesity levels」，「What aspect of childhood obesity does Richard want to investigate」↔「I want to understand the factors that underlie the rise in obesity levels」

2. 22 What part of his project is Richard having problems with?
   • understanding the reading material
   • finding enough background data
   • knowing where to begin

   答案：knowing where to begin

   原文定位：Yes. I've done the background reading, but I'm a bit lost as to how to get started on the actual research. I know I'll need quite a lot of data, but I just keep going round in circles

   同义替换：「having problems with」↔「a bit lost」，「knowing where to begin」↔「how to get started on the actual research」

3. 23 Richard decides to focus on exercise rather than diet because
   • he has read more about exercise.
   • less is known about the effects of exercise.
   • he can gather data about exercise more easily.

   答案：less is known about the effects of exercise.

   原文定位：From what I've read, it seems people are still very uncertain about the relationship between body weight and physical activity. So I suppose that's what I'd like to look at, even though diet might be simpler to research;Do you think children are getting less exercise

   同义替换：「decides to focus on exercise rather than diet」↔「the relationship between obesity and exercise is more interesting」，「less is known about the effects of exercise」↔「people are still very uncertain about the relationship between body weight and physical activity」

4. 24 Why does Professor Kerrigan think children's safety has become more of an issue nowadays?
   • There is more crime.
   • There is more awareness of crime.
   • There are more accurate statistics on crime.

   答案：There is more awareness of crime.

   原文定位：Statistically speaking, many types of crime in the UK haven’t increased much, but what crime there is gets a lot more media coverage

   同义替换：「more awareness of crime」↔「gets a lot more media coverage」

5. 25 The speakers agree that in future, increased vehicle ownership could lead to
   • more dependence on cars.
   • more problems with parking cars.
   • more regulations to prevent pollution by cars.

   答案：more dependence on cars.

   原文定位：And if we look to the future, what does this increase in vehicle ownership suggest;Well, I suppose it could mean that these children will grow into adults who think they're unable to get by without a car

   同义替换：「in future」↔「grow into adults」，「lead to more dependence on cars」↔「unable to get by without a car」

6. 26 The rise in the number of children being driven to school has led to
   • more road accidents.
   • increased numbers of two-car families.
   • traffic restrictions near school buildings.

   答案：increased numbers of two-car families.

   原文定位：parents drive their children to school because they're afraid of them being involved in road accidents. But then that means that often the family needs a second car, so there's more traffic

   同义替换：「has led to」↔「that means that often」，「increased numbers of two-car families」↔「the family needs a second car」

7. Which TWO criteria does Richard agree to use when selecting the children for his study?
   • brothers and sisters where possible
   • different attitudes towards exercise
   • varying weights and heights
   • living a similar distance from the school
   • all of a similar age

   答案：varying weights and heights,all of a similar age

   原文定位：I'd limit it to the same age range;You do need quite a range of children, though, as far as their physical build is concerned;Oh, how tall they are and how much they weigh

   同义替换：「similar」↔「same」

8. Which TWO things does Richard expect to find about children who walk to school?
   • They are involved in more accidents.
   • They are involved in more sporting activities.
   • They are better at academic subjects at school.
   • They are less likely to be obese.
   • They are less active at other times of the day.

   答案：They are involved in more sporting activities.,They are less likely to be obese.

   原文定位：Uh, I don't know. I think they're more likely to get more exercise generally, you know, to do more sport outside school even. And I'd expect a positive relationship between walking to school and not being obese. But as far as academic performance goes, well, I don't expect to see any correlation there, but you never know

   同义替换：「more sporting activities」↔「do more sport」，「expect to find」↔「I think they're more likely to」，「less likely to be」↔「not being」