雅思阅读真题（Part 1）
电影起源：19世纪活动影像发明史
本篇也叫：电影起源、电影的起源、电影是怎么发明的、活动电影放映机、西洋镜、走马盘、电影发明史
Part 1 · 最近考试：2026.9.23浙江科技大学
本篇为雅思阅读真题（Part 1）《The origins of cinema 》，共 13 题，2026.9.23浙江科技大学雅思考试真题回忆，页面提供完整原文、题目、答案与解析，并支持在线机考模式免费练习。本页同时提供 Markdown 版本 供 AI 助手与搜索引擎直接读取。
文章讲述19世纪一系列发明如何催生真正的电影：从1824年霍纳的西洋镜（Zoetrope）、塞勒斯的Kinetatoscope、海尔的Phasmatrope，到雷诺的praxinoscope、迈布里奇的Zoopraxiscope，再到马雷每秒12至30帧的连续摄影，最后是迪克森的Kinetograph摄影机与Kinetoscope放映机，以及法国卢米埃尔兄弟的贡献。
The 19th-century inventions which led to the birth of the movies
A
Many consider that the history of motion pictures began in 1824. Over the next decades, a British inventor William George Horner invented Zoetrope. Horner's device consisted of a hollow drum, rotated by means of a crank. Around the drum's inner surface was a strip of paper with a sequence of paintings, drawings, or illustrations on it. As the device turned, the viewer could observe the illusion of moving images through regularly spaced narrow slits.
B
In 1861, the US inventor Coleman Sellers patented the Kinetatoscope, a device containing a sequence of stereoscopic (3D) photos on glass plates. 1870 saw the first public demonstrations of US inventor Henry Renno Heyl's Phasmatrope, one of the earliest devices to show apparently 'moving' photographs. On February 5th of that year, Heyl delighted audiences at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia with his photographs of dancers, shown in rapid succession so as to create the impression of motion.
C
Devised in 1877 by Frenchman Charles Emile Reynaud, this refined version of the Zoetrope had mirrors at the centre of the drum. This was followed in 1879 by the British photographer Eadweard Muybridge's invention of the Zoopraxiscope. Images appeared on a screen, having been projected from a series of photos printed on a disc that turned when the machine was operating.
D
However, true motion pictures, rather than eye-fooling 'animations', could only occur after French innovator and physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey, often constructing a camera that could take 12 photographs per second. Marey's chronophotographs, as he called them, were revolutionary, and he was soon able to achieve a rate of 30 images per second.
E
In November 1890, William Dickson, devised a simple but ingenious motor-powered motion-picture camera known as the Kinetograph. Although its bulky motor was soon to be replaced with a lightweight hand-crank mechanism, the Kinetograph set the standard for the motion picture cameras that would be used for the next century.
F
Dickson also designed an early version of a movie-picture projector called the Kinetoscope. Around that same time, he filmed his first experimental Kinetoscope trial film, Monkeyshines No. 1, the only surviving film from the cylinder Kinetoscope.
G
Meanwhile in Lyons, France, brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière were inspired by Edison and Dickson's work. They created their own multi-purpose device, which combined camera, printer, and projecting capabilities, was more profitable than Edison and Dickson's model, because a number of spectators could watch the film on a large screen at the same time. On December 28, 1895, the Lumières presented the first commercial exhibition of a projected motion picture to a paying public in the world's first movie theatre in the Salon Indien.
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答案：paper
原文定位：Horner's device consisted of a hollow drum, rotated by means of a crank. Around the drum's inner surface was a strip of paper with a sequence of paintings, drawings, or illustrations on it
同义替换：「」↔「a strip of paper with a sequence of paintings, drawings, or illustrations on it」
答案：FALSE
原文定位：Although its bulky motor was soon to be replaced with a lightweight hand‑crank mechanism, the Kinetograph set the standard for the motion picture cameras that would be used for the next century
同义替换：「was used for a great many year」↔「was soon to be replaced」
答案：FALSE
原文定位：Around that same time, he filmed his first experimental Kinetoscope trial film, Monkeyshines No. 1, the only surviving film from the cylinder Kinetoscope
同义替换：「Several movies」↔「the only surviving film」，「cylinder Kinetoscope」↔「cylinder Kinetoscope」，「still in existence today」↔「surviving」
答案：TRUE
原文定位：They created their own multi‑purpose device, which combined camera, printer, and projecting capabilities, was more profitable than Edison and Dickson's model, because a number of spectators could watch the film on a large screen at the same time
同义替换：「The Lumiere brothers' invention」↔「They created their own multi‑purpose device」，「used to make and show movies」↔「combined camera, printer, and projecting capabilities」
答案：NOT GIVEN
原文定位：On December 28, 1895, the Lumières presented the first commercial exhibition of a projected motion picture to a paying public in the world's first movie theatre in the Salon Indien
同义替换：「Salon Indien」↔「Salon Indien」，「audience」↔「paying public」，「None of the audience had ever seen a motion picture before」↔「the first commercial exhibition of a projected motion picture」
答案：slits
原文定位：As the device turned, the viewer could observe the illusion of moving images through regularly spaced narrow slits
同义替换：「」↔「regularly spaced narrow slits」
答案：drum
原文定位：Horner's device consisted of a hollow drum, rotated by means of a crank
同义替换：「」↔「hollow drum」
答案：crank
原文定位：Horner's device consisted of a hollow drum, rotated by means of a crank
同义替换：「」↔「rotated by means of a crank」
答案：plates
原文定位：In 1861, the US inventor Coleman Sellers patented the Kinetatoscope, a device containing a sequence of stereoscopic (3D) photos on glass plates
同义替换：「Kinetatoscope」↔「Kinetatoscope」，「images」↔「photos」
答案：motion
原文定位：On February 5th of that year, Heyl delighted audiences at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia with his photographs of dancers, shown in rapid succession so as to create the impression of motion
同义替换：「Phasmatrope」↔「Phasmatrope」，「showed an audience images」↔「delighted audiences with his photographs」，「illusion」↔「impression」
答案：Zoetrope
原文定位：Devised in 1877 by Frenchman Charles Emile Reynaud, this refined version of the Zoetrope had mirrors at the centre of the drum
同义替换：「improved」↔「refined」
答案：disc
原文定位：Images appeared on a screen, having been projected from a series of photos printed on a disc that turned when the machine was operating
同义替换：「Zoopraxiscope」↔「Zoopraxiscope」，「pictures」↔「a series of photos」
答案：TRUE
原文定位：However, true motion pictures, rather than eye‑fooling 'animations', could only occur after French innovator and physiologist Etienne‑Jules Marey, often constructing a camera that could take 12 photographs per second. Marey's chronophotographs, as he called them, were revolutionary, and he was soon able to achieve a rate of 30 images per second
同义替换：「Etienne‑Jules Marey」↔「Etienne‑Jules Marey」，「advantage」↔「revolutionary」，「speed with which it could record images」↔「achieve a rate of 30 images per second」